I-Irga canadian isithelo esithandekayo nezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Isihlahlana esinqumayo esinokuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5 kuya kwangu-8 sihle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngentwasahlobo, i-irga ibukeka iheha ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwamahlumela, lapho kubonakala sengathi kusitshekelwe isithwathwa esimhlophe.
Kamuva, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kusakazwa ngamaqoqo ezimbali ezimhlophe ezimnandi ezizungezwe izinyosi. Kuze kube phakathi nehlobo, i-shrub ihlotshiswe ngamaqoqo amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile, umhlobiso wehlathi amahlamvu, aguqula kancane umbala kusuka kokuluhlaza kuye kobomvu. Ngokuqhathaniswa nengadi yasebusika embozwe yiqhwa, amagatsha ansundu ka-burgundy abukeka emangalisa.
Incazelo ye-canada irgi
Ake siqale ngencazelo ye-Irga isihlahla esikhula ngokushesha, esheshayo, nesihlala isikhathi eside. Isiko lingena ezithelweni ngemuva kokutshala ngonyaka wesithathu. Isikhathi sokuphila se-irgi yiminyaka engama-40-50. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kuhle kakhulu, kubekezelela isithwathwa kuze kufike kuma-degree angama-40 ngaphandle kokulahleka. Ezimweni zesifunda saseMoscow, ayidingi indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Lesi sitshalo sizwa kahle ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho. Izihlahla ezikhula kahle zidinga ukukhanya okuncane futhi, uma zitshalwe ziqine kakhulu, zelula kakhulu futhi zithele izithelo ezimbi.
Izimpande zehlathi azikho phezulu, inqwaba yezimpande itholakala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-40, ezinye zazo zehlela kumamitha ayi-1.Irediyasi yohlelo lwempande ifinyelela ku-2 m.
Izimbali ze-Irga ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, izinsuku eziyi-10-15. Izimbali zingamelana nesithwathwa sesikhashana esifushane kuze kufike ku- -7 ° C.
Isihlahlana asikhethi ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi, siyamelana nesomiso. I-Irga ikhula ngokushesha - vele ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala iqala ukuthela izithelo, kuthi lapho ineminyaka eyi-8-10 iminyaka yokukhiqiza ngokugcwele iqale. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza siyiminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 ngesivuno esijwayelekile esingu-8-10 kg wamajikijolo ehlathini ngalinye.
Izinzuzo ze-shrub ziyizithelo zokuqala nezichichimayo, ukuzitholela impova kwesitshalo kuqinisekisa ukuthela konyaka. I-Irga ayizithobeki ezimeni ezikhulayo, ebusika kakhulu futhi iqine nesomiso.
Izici ezizuzisayo
Amajikijolo e-Irga angumkhiqizo omuhle we-multivitamin oqukethe amavithamini C, B2, i-carotene, i-pectins, i-anthocyanins kanye nezinto zokulandela umkhondo (i-cobalt, ithusi, ukuhola). Izithelo ziwusizo ekwelapheni i-hypo- ne-avitaminosis, yokuvikela nokwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis, izifo zomgudu wamathumbu, uhlelo lwezinhliziyo.
Izici zokwelapha zamajikijolo e-irgi
- yehlisa isimiso sezinzwa, esisebenzisekayo sokuqwasha nokulala okungazinzi;
- ukwandisa ukuqina kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi nokuziqinisa;
- esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela i-myocardial infarction nemithambo ye-varicose (ivimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi);
- ube nomphumela we-tonic, ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme futhi wenze amazinga e-cholesterol abejwayelekile;
- esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela isilonda se-peptic futhi njenge-anti-inflammatory agent for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
- ijikijolo liwusizo ekulweni ne-sclerosis;
- ijusi elivela kumajikijolo amasha linezinto eziphazamisayo, ngakho-ke lisetshenziselwa ukugoqa ngokuvuvukala.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo
U-Irga uvela emndenini waseRosaceae futhi unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-25. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- I-Irga canadian - isihlahlana esinamagatsha alengayo kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama. Iyaziswa ngamajikijolo amnandi kakhulu, amnandi anesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 g. Kuthela kufika ku-6 kg / bush. Imifino iluhlaza okotshani, inhle kakhulu kuthango lapho itshalwe kude ngamamitha amabili. Yisihlahlana esikhula ngokushesha esikhula minyaka yonke esifinyelela ku-40 cm ukuphakama nobubanzi.
Eminyakeni engama-60 edlule, iCanada ibiyisikhungo sokuzalela izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-irgi. Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi kungukuthi:
- Pembina - ukuphakama nobubanzi be-shrub bufinyelela kumamitha ama-5. Umqhele uyasabalala. Ubuhle bezinhlobonhlobo ukwakheka kwenani elincane lokukhula kwezimpande.
- Ukubhema - shrub kuze kufike ku-4.5 m ukuphakama, umqhele ngesimo sesambulela esivulekile. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinesikhathi sokuqhuma sekwephuzile, ezenza ukuthi zikwazi ukugwema ukulahleka kwe-ovary ngesikhathi sekhephu sekwephuzile. Amajikijolo kaSmokey makhulu, afinyelela ku-14mm ububanzi ngephunga elimnandi. Amajikijolo yizinhlobo ezimnandi kunazo zonke ezitholakalayo, ziyinyama futhi azinankinga.
- I-Northline - isihlahla esinobuningi obuningi obuphakathi, iziqu eziqondile. Amajikijolo makhulu kakhulu, afinyelela ku-16mm ububanzi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama nokuqhuma kwe-waxy, ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo angaqhekeki kuyinto enokuthula. Izinhlobonhlobo zakha ukukhula okuningi kwezimpande. Idinga impova.
- I-Sturgeon - I-shrub esakazwa ngeziqu eziningi efinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhiqiza kakhulu, amaqoqo amajikijolo made, izithelo zinkulu futhi zimnandi.
- Thyssen - isihlahlana esifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ama-5 ngomqhele oyindilinga osatshalaliswa kakhulu. Lokhu yizinhlobonhlobo zokuqala, ezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Usayizi wamajikijolo okunambitheka okuhle ufinyelela ku-17mm ububanzi. Izithelo zinephunga elimnandi ngomuncu omncane. Ngenxa yokuvuthwa okungalingani kwamajikijolo, isikhathi sokuvuna siyandiswa ngesikhathi. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kuze kufike ku - 28 ° С.
- Irga Lamarca Ingabe isihlahlana esikhulu noma isihlahla esincane kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-8 ukuphakama. Umqhele unomumo oyindilinga. Ngokungafani ne-Irga yaseCanada, ikhula kancane, ukukhula konyaka akukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25 ukuphakama. I-Irga Lamarca yinhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nangamahlamvu abomvu kindla.
Iziqu zinomumo omuhle ogobile lapho zimiswe njalo. Izihlahla ezinjalo zibukeka zizinhle ekutshaleni okukodwa nasezindleleni.
Imvamisa ezingadini kukhona ne-spike irga kanye ne-irga enamacondo ayindilinga, ziyhlobisa futhi izithelo zazo nazo ziyadliwa, kepha zincane ngosayizi futhi ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kuphansi.
Ukutshala, ukukhula nokunakekela izimo
I-Irga ayizidingi izimo ezikhulayo, ayinandaba nokunakekelwa.
Engadini noma engadini, ingatshalwa kusuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho, ngoba izihlahla zayo ezinemiqu eminingi zibamba iqhwa futhi zivikele emimoyeni ebandayo yasenyakatho. Kuhle ukutshala ama-raspberries, ama-currants, ama-gooseberries eduze kwawo, kuzoba yisivikelo esihle kubo.
I-Irga ingatshalwa zombili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Emgodini olungisiwe, izithombo zitshalwa ngo-5-10 cm ukujula kunalokho ezikhule ngaphambili, lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukukhula kwamahlumela amaningi. Ngemuva kokutshala nokunisela okuningi, inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo iyahlanganiswa, isitshalo sinqunywa sibe ngu-1/3 wokuphakama, kungashiyi amaqabunga angaphezu kwama-5 athuthukile kahle. Izitshalo zitshalwa njalo emamitha ama-2-3, futhi lapho kwakhiwa uthango, kungcono ukutshala ngephethini lokuhlola njalo ngo-0.5-0.7 m ngemigqa naphakathi kwezitshalo.
Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kuqukethe ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezomile, ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla nokudla. I-Irga isabela kumanyolo. Phakathi nenkathi, kungakuhle ukuthi uyondle njalo ngenyanga ngamanyolo omanyolo (ama-infusions we-mullein noma ama-bird droppings), uwahlanganise ngokunisela nokwenza i-foliar dressing nomanyolo omncane. Lesi sitshalo sizokubonga.
Ukuthena
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokwakha isitshalo ngesimo sezihlahla eziningi, khona-ke eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe wonke amahlumela abuthakathaka, ushiye amahlumela ama-zero aqinile kunawo wonke ekukhuleni kwezimpande. Isihlahla esakhiwe kahle siqukethe amagatsha ayi-10-15 weminyaka ehlukene.
Lapho ukukhula kwaminyaka yonke kwamahlumela kungadluli u-10 cm, baqala ukuvuselela ukuthena, okuqukethe ukususa wonke amahlumela abuthaka futhi aqinile. Okunye kusikwe kubude obungamamitha ayi-2,5. Zonke izindawo zokusikeka okukhulu kufanele ziphathwe nge-pitch yensimu.
Ngokuhlobisa okukhulu kwe-Irgi yaseCanada, umqhele wayo kufanele wakheke ngendlela eyi-oval lapho uthena. Umphumela wokuthena onjalo uzoba ukukhula okunamandla kwamahlumela amancane ngokwakhiwa kwezithelo ezifihlekile.
I-Irgu Lamarca yakhiwa ngesihlahla esineziqu ezingama-3-5, wonke amanye amahlumela we-basal asuswa isizini yonke. Amagatsha afinyezwa minyaka yonke.
Lapho usebenzisa i-Irgi canadian ekwakheni uthango, kuyadingeka ukusika minyaka yonke, kunciphise ukukhula konyaka ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuya ku-15.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Kunezindlela eziningana zokusabalalisa i-Irga Canada:
- Imbewu. Imbewu ivunwa kumajikijolo amakhulu avuthiwe ezihlahleni ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Amajikijolo avunyelwe ukulala phansi isonto lonke, bese kuthi imbewu, lapho ihlukaniswe kahle nomgogodla, isuswe.Izimbewu zihlwanyelwa ekwindla ngonyaka wokuqoqwa kwembewu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emiseleni, iniselwa kahle, futhi imbozwe ngocwecwe. Lapho utshala imbewu entwasahlobo, kufanele iboshwe izinyanga ezintathu esihlabathini esimanzi egumbini elingaphansi. Ngokunakekelwa kahle ngonyaka wokuqala, izithombo zingafinyelela ubude obungu-10-15 cm, iminyaka emibili ukuphakama kwazo kuzoba ngamasentimitha angama-40, ngemuva kweminyaka emibili izithombo zifakwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
- Inzalo yezimpande... Ngale ndlela yokuzala, kusetshenziswa amahlumela ezimpande. Sihlukaniswe nesihlahla sikamama futhi sitshalwe kabusha endaweni ehlala njalo. Isikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.
- Izithelo eziluhlaza. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezithelo eziluhlaza ku-canadensis kuphumelele impela. Ama-95% amahlumela asikiwe anezimpande.Ukusikwa okuluhlaza kuyanqunywa ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu kwamahlumela, lesi sikhathi kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ama-cuttings anqunywa engxenyeni engenhla yamagatsha aneminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala, ubude be-cuttings kufanele bube ngu-12-15 cm Kusukela kuma-cuttings asikiwe, amaqabunga aphansi ayasuswa, kusale kuphela ama-pair amabili aphezulu. Ukusikwa okuphansi kwezisiki kucutshungulwa kumphande wangaphambili futhi kutshalwe ngokulinganayo ebangeni elingu-5 cm komunye nomunye.Izicucu zitshalwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, lapho kudingeka khona ukugcina umswakama womoya ku-70-80%. Ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-20-25. Ngemuva kokuqothula, ifilimu iyasuswa, bese kuqhubeka ukukhula kwezitshalo emoyeni ovulekile. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuchelela nokudla okuvamile. Izitshalo zikulungele ukufakelwa kabusha entwasahlobo ezayo.
- Ukukhiqiza ngokubeka. Ngale ndlela yokuzala, kuthathwa kahle igatsha elilodwa noma amabili eminyaka. Izinhla zenziwa kahle ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, masinyane lapho inhlabathi ivumela. Ama-groove enziwa eduze kwesihlahla, lapho kufakwa khona amagatsha akhethiwe. Amahlumela abekiwe abethelwe emhlabathini ngezinsimbi eziyinsimbi, izihloko zamahlumela ziyancishiswa. Ngemuva kokukhula kusuka emahlumela amagatsha abelwe amahlumela aluhlaza kuya ekuphakameni kuka-10-12 cm, afafazwa ngomhlaba ngengxenye yokuphakama, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20, inqubo yokufafaza ngomhlaba iyaphindwa. Ekwindla, izitshalo ezikhulile zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
- Ukuzala ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho kunesidingo sokutshala isihlahla sabantu abadala siye kwenye indawo. Lesi sitshalo sigujwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwephuzile, izimpande zikhululiwe enhlabathini eyeqile, amagatsha amadala ayasuswa.I-rhizome ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye, izimpande zifinyeziwe zatshalwa emigodini yokulungisa elungiselelwe.
Izinambuzane nezifo
I-Irga canadensis iyamelana nezifo nezinambuzane ezinkulu. Kungathinteka yizibungu ze-currant leafworm, isibungu se-rose leafworm. Ziyalimaza amaqabunga futhi zidle iziqongo zamahlumela amancane. Ukulwa nezinambuzane lapho ucubungula ingadi, akumele ukhohlwe ukufafaza izihlahla ze-irgi.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, izinyoni ziyayilimaza kakhulu, nazo ezithanda ukudla amajikijolo aso amnandi futhi amnandi. Ukugwema ukulahleka kwesivuno, izihlahla ezisencane zingambozwa ngenetha. Lapho izitshalo sezivele zikhulu, kunamajikijolo enele wonke umuntu.
Amavithamini - ukuze asetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo
I-Irga ithela izithelo minyaka yonke nangokuningi, kepha amajikijolo ayo avuthwa ngokungalingani ngakho-ke ayavunwa ngezigaba eziningana.
Impilo eshalofini lamajikijolo avuniwe imfishane, izinsuku ezi-2-3 kuphela, inqobo nje uma igcinwa endaweni epholile (engaphansi noma esiqandisini).
Ama-compotes, ama-juice, ama-jellies, iwayini kulungiswa kusuka kumajikijolo amnandi e-irgi, omisiwe futhi afriziwe. Amajikijolo e-Irgi, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okune-asidi ephansi, awanakho ukunambitheka okukhanyayo, kepha anombala ogqame kakhulu. Kule ndaba, kuhle kakhulu ukuwafaka kuma-compotes avela kuma-apula, amapheya nezinye izithelo ezingenawo umbala obonakalayo.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe izithelo ezomisiwe ze-irgi, zingahle zithathe indawo yezithelo zomvini ezibizayo. Amajikijolo omisiwe agcina izindawo zawo isikhathi eside. Zigcinwa ezitsheni zengilazi ezivaliwe.
Isici se-irgi yisivuno esibi sejusi esivela kumajikijolo amasha. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7 zokugcina, isivuno sejusi ngesikhathi sokucubungula sizofinyelela kuma-80%.
Izikhala
Ijusi lamajikijolo e-Irgi lihle emehlweni, enhliziyweni, emphinjeni, emithanjeni yegazi. Ijusi elilungisiwe lisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kweziphuzo zezithelo, iziphuzo, i-jelly.
Ijusi Likashukela
Amajikijolo alele endaweni epholile isonto lonke ayagezwa, akhishwe, ahlanganiswe noshukela ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1. Sishisa ijusi phezu kokushisa okuphansi kuze kube yilapho ushukela uqothuka ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuletha emathunjini. Ijusi evuthayo ithelwa ezitsheni zezingilazi noma emabhodleleni, ivalwe futhi igcinwe endaweni epholile.
Ijusi yemvelo
Ijusi likhishwa kumajikijolo alungiselelwe, lithelwe ezitsheni zamalitha, linanyathiselwe imizuzu eyi-15-20 bese ligoqwa ngamabhodlela.
I-Irga canadian, ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zokwelapha, ukunambitheka nokuhlobisa, ifanelwe indawo yokuhlonishwa engadini noma ezweni. Ukushiya kuncane, kepha izinzuzo nezinjabulo kuningi.