Izwe laseMelika i-Illinois, nehlobo lalo elishisayo nelinomswakama, iziphepho ezibhubhisayo kanye neziphepho zeqhwa lasebusika, liyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zeblackberry zensimu yanamuhla.
Kwakulapho, eNyuvesi yaseCarbondale, ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zeDarrow neThornfrey kanye nenombolo yokuzalanisa engu-US1482, lapho kutholakala khona inkanyezi enkulu yezingadi zaseRussia - iBlack Satin. Eyabelwe ekuqaleni i-Illinois neCalifornia, washesha ukulawula izindawo zokutshala kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi wajwayela iRussia.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
Ake siqale ngokuchaza izinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo. I-Black Satin esefomini ithatha isikhundla esiphakathi phakathi kwama-kumanik namazolo. Lokhu kuyizinhlobonhlobo ezinwabuzelayo, izici eziyinhloko eziqoqwe etafuleni:
Umkhuba | Isihlahlana esiqinile, esingajwayele ukuqina. Ayenzi inzalo yezimpande. |
Ukuphunyuka | Amahlumela akhula ngokushesha, anengxenye eyindilinga, engenameva, ende kakhulu - angafika kumamitha ayi-5. Ekuqaleni kokukhula - ume. Lapho zikhula ngaphezu komaki wamamitha ayi-1.5, ziqala ukunyonyoba. Imivini emincane iluhlaza futhi iba nsundu njengoba ikhula. Iminyaka yesibili insundu, inzima kakhulu futhi iminyene - ifinyelela ku-3 cm ububanzi. Iqabunga liyinkimbinkimbi, i-serrate, kusuka kumacwecwe amaqabunga ama-3-5. |
Ukuqhakaza | Izimbali zinombala opinki lapho ziqhakaza, ngakusasa ziyafiphala ziye kupinki omhlophe noma mhlophe. |
Izithelo | Ukuchichima okukhulu. Amajikijolo makhulu, afinyelela kuma-gramu ayi-8, amnyama, anokucwebezela kwe-satin, yingakho igama lezinhlobonhlobo livele. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, kumnandi futhi kumuncu, kunephunga elinamandla lamajikijolo. Ukuvuthwa kuyandiswa, kusuka ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. Ezinye izithelo zibamba iqhwa lokuqala. Iqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokutshala. |
Ukusimama | Ukumelana nesithwathwa ngokulingene, kufika ku -22⁰C. Izihloko zamahlumela zingafriza kancane. Indawo yokuhlala iyadingeka ebusika. Kungathinteka isikhunta esimpunga. |
Veza | Ephakeme kakhulu - kufika kuma-25 kg amajikijolo ehlathini ngalinye ngesizini ngayinye. |
Inhloso yezithelo | Okuvamile. |
Ukuhamba nokugcina ikhwalithi | Zombili ziphansi. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zithambile, ngokushesha zilahlekelwa isethulo futhi ziwohloke. |
Ngakho-ke, amajikijolo ama-Black Satin anezinzuzo eziningi:
- amajikijolo amakhulu okunambitheka okuhle nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke;
- umkhiqizo ophezulu;
- amahlumela angenasiphetho;
- ubukhulu obulawulwa behlathi.
Okubi kufaka:
- ukungagcini kahle nokuhanjiswa kwezithelo;
- ukunganele ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukungazinzi kokubola okumpunga.
Noma kunjalo, lokhu okungalungi kungalungiswa kalula. Isibonelo, ukubola okumpunga kuthinta amajikijolo avuthwe ngokweqile, futhi kwanele ukuwasusa ehlathini ngesikhathi sokugwema lokhu. I-fruiting enwetshiwe ikuvumela ukuthi usondele kulesi sitshalo njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu bese uthatha inani elincane lesithelo, usidle ngokushesha noma usisebenzise.
Ngokuphathelene nokuthuthwa, ngokusho kokunye ukubonwa, le nkomba inyuka kakhulu ngobudala besitshalo. Ijikijolo elivela esihlahleni esidala sesakhiwo esijiyile, aliminyeki kalula futhi, uma liqoqwa ngobungcweti, lingasinda ohambweni olufushane.
Isifiso sikaBlack Sateen sokuthola isivuno kancane kancane sihlanganisa futhi kususe. Ezifundeni ezinokuqala kwasebusika, okuhlukahlukene kungenzeka kungabi nesikhathi sokubonisa konke okusemandleni.
Ukutshala nokushiya
Kungcono ukhethe indawo yokutshala amajikijolo amaBlack Satin, anelanga, avikelwe kuzinhlaka, ngenhlabathi elula evundile. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azibekezeleli amanzi amile, ngakho-ke, amanzi kufanele enziwe enhlabathini emanzi.
Kungcono ukubeka izithombo endaweni ehlala njalo entwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, uma izinto zokutshala zithengwa ekwindla, akunandaba: lapho utshala isitshalo ekwindla, udinga ukunakekela indawo yokukhosela nokunakekelwa kwaso.
Umgodi wokutshala ulungiswe ngendlela yokuthi kungenzeka ukuwugcwalisa kuze kube uhhafu ngomquba omuhle ovuthiwe. Kakade lapho ufika, udinga ukucabanga ngesidingo se-garter yemivimbo ejikijolo bese wenza ukusekelwa.
Ubungqabavu bezinhlobonhlobo zeBlack Satin yinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuvumela isivuno esihle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudala ubunzima bokuvikela isitshalo esidala ebusika. Amahlumela alokhu okugoba ijikijolo kabi kakhulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuphuma.
"Imfundo" yesimo esifanele somvini
Ungavumeli isitshalo ukuthi sicindezele amahlumela amile kude kakhulu. Kakade lapho zifinyelela kubude obungu-35-40 cm, kuyadingeka ukugoba igatsha phansi bese ulilungisa. Lapho umvini ungamamitha ayi-1.2 ubude, ungawukhulula bese uwubeka ngokuvundlile ku-trellis. Ebusika, ihlumela eligobile lingasuswa kalula futhi libekwe ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela.
Izihlahla zaseMelika
Ekhaya, i-Black Satin blackberry yakhiwa ngendlela yesihlahla esihlangene ngokusho kohlelo olulandelayo:
- maphakathi nehlobo, iziqongo zokukhula minyaka yonke zicindezelwe ukuphakama okungu-110 cm, kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela asemaceleni;
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela avuke, amahlumela we-lateral ajwayelekile: lawo akhula ngaphansi kwamaki amasentimitha angu-45 ayasuswa emhlabathini, konke kufinyelelwe kubude obungu-40 cm;
- ekwindla, amagatsha athela izithelo ayanqunywa.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe "isithelo" esisetshenzisiwe kunoma yikuphi. Umvini we-blackberry, njengomvini we-raspberry, unomjikelezo wokuthuthuka weminyaka emibili, futhi ngemuva konyaka wesibili uzokhula isihlahla kuphela futhi ubambe iqhaza ekusakazekeni kokubola okumpunga.
Ukunisela amajikijolo ama-Black Satin kuyadingeka njalo, ikakhulukazi lapho uthela izithelo. Uzophendula isomiso ngokunquma amajikijolo. Ukufakwa kwamanzi enhlabathini nakho kufanele kugwenywe.
Ukuthola isivuno esihle sonyaka, amajikijolo adinga ukondliwa kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila ngokohlelo:
- Intwasahlobo - nitrogen (5 kg we-humus no-10 g we-urea nge-1 m2);
- ukuwa - i-potassium ne-phosphorus (100 g ye-superphosphate no-25 g womanyolo we-potash).
Amajikijolo akufanele atshalwe eduze kwamajikijolo. Njengezihlobo eziseduze, ama-raspberries namajikijolo ahlushwa izifo ezifanayo, futhi indawo enjalo ingadala "ubhadane".
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngokuyinhloko, le nhlobonhlobo iyamelana nezifo ezinkulu ze-blackberry. Okuhlukile ukubola okumpunga, osekuvele kushiwo. Umenzeli wayo oyimbangela, i-botrytis grey, isikhunta esisetshenziswa ekwenzeni iwayini.
Ingasishaya isitshalo vele esigabeni sokuqhakaza. Uma isimo sezulu sibanda, lina, ama-inflorescence aphelele angahlupheka. Ezigabeni zakamuva zesikhathi sokukhula, uBotrytis uhlala kumaqanda kanye nezithelo. Ijikijolo eligula ngokubola okumpunga libukeka njengelibolile, limbozwe nge-grey fluff. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa isivuno.
- Amagatsha aphansi akufanele alale phansi. Izinhlamvu zeBotrytis zigcinwa enhlabathini emanzi.
- Isihlahla akufanele sivunyelwe ukuqina. Zonke izingxenye zezitshalo kufanele zibe nomoya.
- Khipha ngesikhathi amajikijolo avuthiwe bese ususa lawo abolile. Ukuthola ihlumela eligulayo, lisike bese ulishisa.
- Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, fafaza isihlahla nge-Bordeaux liquid (3% solution).
Kulezi zinambuzane zama-blackberry Black Satin, ingozi yi-blackberry mite. Lesi sinambuzane esincane siyakwazi ukwehlisa uhhafu wesivuno samajikijolo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinambuzane eziningi, i-mite ayifihli enhlabathini noma ngaphansi kwegxolo. Ihlala ngqo emaqungeni amajikijolo, kanti entwasahlobo ifudukela kuma-inflorescence namajikijolo. Izithelo ezithintwe yilesi silokazane azivuthwa, zihlala zibomvu.
Ungalwa nalesi sihlava ngomuthi "Tiovit Jet", ovame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha amagilebhisi. Ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela.
Amaqiniso ama-3 nge-blackberry Black Satin
- Umcwaningi uFumiomi Takeda wasesiteshini sokucwaninga i-Appalachian ubezama lolu hlobo. AmaBlackberry ahlukaniswa ngamaqembu, awakha ngenombolo ehlukile yemivimbo engu: 3, 6, 9 no-12. Inhloso yesilingo kwakuwukuthola ukuthi inani lamahlumela liyakuthinta yini isivuno sesitshalo. Umphumela wavele waba nelukuluku: ngokwesisindo esiphelele, uBlack Satin unikeze umphumela ofanayo kuwo wonke amaqembu. Umehluko wawusayizi wamajikijolo.
- Ukusebenza ngamasimu ama-blackberry anolwazi iBlack Satin, kuyafana UFumiomi Takeda wasungula i-swivel trellis. Le divayisi ikuvumela ukuthi umboze isitshalo ebusika ngaphandle kokukhipha imivimbo ku-garter. Kwanele nje ukuyidlulisa isuka endaweni "yasehlobo" iye "ebusika" eyodwa.
- Kukholakala ukuthi IBlack Satin inzima ukufuya ngoba ayizivezi izimpande. Kodwa-ke, umkhuba wabalimi abanolwazi ukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlukahluka kubangelwa kalula iziqongo zamahlumela. Kukhethwa ukudubula okuhle okuphansi, kucindezelwe phansi, kuvikelwe ngebakaki, kungcwatshwe ngaphakathi. Inqubo yenziwa maphakathi nehlobo. Ekwindla, ungahlukanisa isithombo esitshalweni sikamama bese usibeka endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukutshalwa kweTrellis kwamaBlackberry amaBlack Satin kunenzuzo ekhethekile: kukuvumela ukuthi udale imengamo enhle esizeni, eboshwe ngemivini ye-blackberry. Njengoba unikezwe amandla ezinhlobonhlobo zokugcina amahlamvu isikhathi eside, umklamo onjalo ngeke ulahlekelwe umphumela wawo wokuhlobisa kuze kube sekwindla.