Izinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi "i-Belorusskaya" inomlando omude futhi ithola ochwepheshe abaningi ngokwengeziwe. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa, abalimi kanye namabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo bethembele kulolu hlobo oluthile. Ngokwencazelo, ukuhlukahluka kunenani elikhulu lezinzuzo.
Incazelo nezimpawu zeklabishi laseBelarusian
Ngo-1937, i-Institute of Breeding yafuya izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeklabishi elimhlophe, elimelana nesithwathwa nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokushesha langena ohlwini lwezinhlobo eziqashelwa kwezolimo.
"I-Belorusskaya" iyahluka ngokuthi isikhathi sokuvuthwa sikhona impela efanelekile ezifundeni ezibandayo... Ngesikhathi sokuzuza okukhulu, ikhanda leklabishi likhula liqine, amazinga okushisa aphansi anomthelela omuhle ekhwalithi.
Ngokwencazelo, lokhu kungukuhlukahlukana kwesikhathi sekwephuzile okuvuthwa. kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-110 kuya kwezingu-130... Ukutshala kwalokhu kuhlukahluka kungaqala nangoJuni, ngoba kungakuhle ukuhlela ukuvuna ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Izinhloko zeklabishi ziyindilinga, ziyisicaba, ziqinile futhi ziminyene. Lapho sezivuthwe ngokuphelele, zifinyelela 3 - 4 kg... Aziqhekeki, zibekezelela kalula isomiso sesikhashana, uma zingazange zithole isomiso emasontweni amabili okuqala emva kokutshala emhlabathini. Kulula ukuthutha.
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, uma ikhanda leklabishi ligobile, alidabuli ngesichotho, ngenxa yamaqabunga aminyene angaphandle.
Ubuhle nobubi
Kuzinzuzo, umuntu angakhetha izici eziyinhloko ngenxa yalokhu okuhlukahlukene kukhethwa ngabalimi:
- Ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokugcina izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-3;
- Ukunambitheka okuphezulu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo;
- Ubuningi benhloko yeklabishi nesiphunzi esincane;
- Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kukavithamini C;
- Ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu lapho ibilisiwe;
- Ukukhiqiza.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele emasontweni amathathu okuqala, isivuno nokumelana nezifo kwanda kakhulu.
Kukhona ukungalungi okunciphisa kakhulu isifiso sabaqalayo ukusebenzisa lokhu okuhlukahlukene minyaka yonke:
- Ngokungafani nenzalo, ithambekele ekukhanyeni;
- Ukujwayela i-bacteriosis ye-vascular;
- Iheha izinambuzane, yize lokhu kuyinkomba yekhwalithi yeklabishi;
- Okukhethiwe ngenyanga yokuqala ekuniseleni, nalapho ufaka kabusha.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Akunasidingo sokujaha ukutshala imbewu ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Isikhathi esifanelekile ngu maphakathi no-Mayuma uhlela ukuyisebenzisela ukuvutshelwa noma ukugcina.
Uma lolu hlobo lusetshenziselwa ukuvuna, ezinye zingahlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kanti ngoSepthemba kuphephile ukusebenzisa isivuno ukulondolozwa.
Imbewu yezithombo Akudingi ukulungiselela okukhethekile nokuminza... Into esemqoka ukuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi ingomi. Imbewu ihluma ngezinsuku 4 - 7 ngokuthula ngokwanele, futhi ifinyelele ngokushesha ekukhanyeni, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi izithombo zikufasitela elikhanyisiwe, noma endlini yokugcina izithombo.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu, khetha inhlabathi yesoyi, ungafaki inhlabathi emnyama. Ukuba khona kwe-loam emhlabathini kuyasiza ezitshalweni.
Ungatshala zombili ngezinkomishi ezihlukile futhi ebhokisini elijwayelekile - izithombo zibuyiselwa kalula ngemuva kokutshala kabusha nokwephula okuncane kwesakhiwo sezimpande.
Ngemuva kokutshala imbewu, chitha inhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele, umboze ngocwecwe, bese uyishiya kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Izithombo, ukuze zikhule ngokugcwele, kufanele isikhathi esiningi elangeni, inhlabathi akufanele yomile... Uma kungenzeka lokhu, ngezinsuku ezifudumele, yikhiphele ngaphandle, noma endaweni yokugcina izithombo. Qiniseka ukuthi uyiletha endlini ebusuku, njengoba izinga lokushisa likulungele ukukhula okunempilo - kusuka kuma-degree angama-18 ngaphezu kuka-zero, kanti ngoMeyi, ubusuku buyabanda impela.
Kuyadingeka ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ngemuva kwenyanga eyodwa ubudala, futhi empeleni kuneminyaka yobudala inyanga eyodwa nengxenye... Isiqu kufanele sibe sifushane futhi sinyene, sibe mkhulu kunepensela.
Khetha inhlabathi e-loamy, nendawo esizeni esikhanyiswa yilanga ekuseni. Lokhu kubalulekile ngeklabishi. Uzosinda ngokuphelele ngokungabi khona kwelanga nasebusuku, kepha ngaphandle kwelanga lasekuseni uzogula.
Ngaphandle kokuthi lesi yisitshalo esithanda umswakama, ungaphuli imibhede ezindaweni eziphansi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhede kumele yenziwe ibe phezulu - amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayonakalisa ezimpandeni.
Umhlabathi okhulayo
Hlela umbhede kusuka enyakatho uye eningizimu, bese amahlumela azothola ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele. Uma kungenzeka, hlwanyela isinaphi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese umba inhlabathi kanye nezithombo zesinaphi ngaphambi kokutshala.
Yenza imibhede yokuphakama okulingene, khumbula ukuthi izimbobo akufanele zibe sezingeni, noma ngaphansi komngcele. Uma kwenzeka ihlobo lina, ngale ndlela, izimpande ngeke zimanzi, futhi umswakama owedlulele uzoya ngaphakathi.
Faka idlanzana lomhlabathi omnyama (umquba wangonyaka odlule), isipuni somlotha wokhuni emgodini ngamunye. Ungayidluli ngomanyolo, iklabishi alithandanga umhlabathi onamafutha ngokweqile, ngakho-ke ngeke likhule isikhathi eside.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini
Abadala Izinsuku ezingama-35 - 50, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe emhlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ukhethe usuku olupholile, futhi okuhle kunakho konke, izinsuku zemvula, lapho izithombo zizosinda kalula ukufakelwa bese zigula.
Yenza izimbobo ngebanga 50 kuya ku-50 cm... chitha umgodi ngamunye ngamalitha amabili amanzi, faka i-humus nomlotha.
Beka impande eyodwa emgodini ngamunye, beka umhlaba phezu kwempande, bese ucindezela kancane. Ungafaki inhlabathi eningi, amaqabunga okuqala asele esiqwini kufanele ahlale ngaphezulu komhlaba.
Fafaza futhi ngamanzi amancane. Uma isimo sezulu sibalele, kubalulekile ukuthunga izithombo ezinsukwini zokuqala ezi-3 - 4. Ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga eklabishi evukile, imigoqo nezindawo zokukhosela kufanele zisuswe.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokufika
Ngemuva kokutshala, ukuchelela kuyadingeka nsuku zonke... Kusihlwa, lapho ilanga seliseduze nokushona kwelanga, kufanele kuthelwe ngaphezu kwelitha lamanzi ngaphansi kwempande ngayinye.
Phakathi nesonto lokuqala, asikho isidingo sokukhulula indawo yezimpande, futhi ngemuva kwesonto, ngaphambi kokuchelela, udinga ukuyithukulula.
Ukhula njalo kuzosiza ukugwema umswakama owedlulele kusuka kukhula, futhi kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqaphele ngokushesha izinambuzane.
Misa ukuchelela nsuku zonke emasontweni amabili emva kokutshala. Kuyadingeka ukuvumela amahlumela ukuba omile ngokuphelele, futhi awavumele ame omile ngokuphelele izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Isidingo qaphela ama-midge nezibungu... Lapho i-midge ivela okokuqala, fafaza iklabishi ngamanzi anensipho, bese ufafaza ngomlotha wokhuni ngaphezulu.
Nciphisa insipho yokuwasha ebhakedeni lamanzi afudumele ukuze amanzi abe mhlophe futhi abe nensipho. Futha amaqabunga ngalesi sixazululo, ikakhulukazi phakathi - ukuxhuma kwamaqabunga nezinsika, nomhlabathi ozungezile.
Lapho amathrekhi evela, kufanele usebenzise amathuluzi wokucubungula akhethekile. Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe esimweni sezulu esizolile, okungcono kusihlwa, ngemuva kokuthi ilanga seliseduze nokushona kwelanga.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithambekele kakhulu kwizifo ze-keel kunezinhlobo ze-hybrid. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukutshala entwasahlobo ezweni elisha, hhayi ukutshala izithombo lapho iklabishi lalingonyaka odlule. Uma uthola impande nge-keel, ungayilahli emqubeni, kodwa uyishise, noma uyikhiphe ngodoti.
Nge-bacteriosis yemithambo yegazi, isivuno nokunambitha kuncishiswe kakhulu. Elinye igama lalesi sifo yi-Black Rot. Kubonakala ikakhulu ekumnyama kwemithambo.
Ukubola okumanzi kuvela ngemuva kwe-vascular bacteriosis, inhloko yeklabishi, ize inqunywe, futhi ibekwe endaweni yokugcina ibola ngokushesha.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe i-bacteriosis, kufanele kubhekwe ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, ukhula kufanele lususwe ngesikhathi, futhi ukubukeka kwezinambuzane ezisabalalisa lesi sifo kufanele kubhekwe. Izitshalo ezilimele kufanele zisuswe engadini bese zibhujiswa.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, izinhlobonhlobo zivuthwe ngokuphelele.
Lapho uvuna, ungashiyi iziphunzi ezinde emakhanda eklabishi. Kwanele 3 cm.uma izinhloko zeklabishi zigcinwa ziqinile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha okuphelele, ngisho nezinhloko zeklabishi kuze kufike ku-3 kg., hang esitokisini ngesiphunzi, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi azimili noma zimanzi.
Izinhloko zeklabishi ezisikiwe ukuze zikhethwe zingashiywa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa ama-5 - 7 degrees inyanga noma ngaphezulu, ngaphambi kokukha i-pickling.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinabaxhumanisi bobabili, abakhetha minyaka yonke njengeyona eyinhloko, nabaphikisi. Lapho usubalile konke okuhle nobubi, nakanjani uzothatha isinqumo esifanele ngengadi yakho. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezingekho ze-hybrid ezisele, futhi ziya ziba buthakathaka, izinhlobonhlobo ziziphatha kahle ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima, futhi zinikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu.