Njalo ngonyaka abalimi bakhulisa izinhlobo ezintsha zezilimo zamajikijolo. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje, izikhungo zesayensi zakha izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingamelana nezifo, izinambuzane noma isithwathwa, futhi zithuthukisa ukunambitheka kwezithelo zazo.
Kepha kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingasabi isikhathi kanye nomncintiswano wezinhlamvu ezintsha ezifakiwe. Izizukulwane zabalimi ziyashintsha, futhi zisalokhu zithandwa. Enye yalezi zinhlobonhlobo i-gooseberry yeBlack Negus, ebisabalele ezweni lethu iminyaka engaba yikhulu.
Umlando wokuzala wezinhlobonhlobo zeBlack Negus
I-gooseberry Black Negus ekhuliswe yi-All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture okuthiwa. UMichurina I.V. eminyakeni engama-20 yekhulu elidlule. Kepha, ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngokudalwa kwayo, ake sibheke umlando wejoseberry yasekhaya.
NgeNkathi Ephakathi, ama-gooseberries ayethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi baseBrithani. Izinhlobo ezingaphezulu kwenkulungwane zalesi sitshalo ziye zakhuliswa ngabalimi bamaNgisi. Zazihluka ngokunambitheka nombala wamajikijolo, amanye awo ayelinganiswa ngosayizi neqanda lenkukhu ngosayizi. Kodwa lo mkhathi waphela lapho, phakathi nekhulu le-19, izinhlobo zejikijolo ezivela eMelika zafika eYurophu.
Ngoba ndawonye nabo, isifo esonakalisa isitshalo - i-powdery isikhutha - singene ezingadini zaseYurophu. Ngenxa yalokho, empeleni eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, cishe wonke amasimu e-gooseberry abhujiswa eNgilandi. Izinhlobo eziningi zaseYurophu zalahleka, kanti ezaseMelika zazingaphansi kakhulu kwazo kunambitheka. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kulesi simo kwakuyisinqumo sokuqala izivivinyo zokuwela izinhlobo zaseMelika ezinenkani yesikhunta nezaseYurophu ezinambitheka omuhle.
Umsunguli wokuxutywa kwezitshalo ezikhula ezindaweni eziqhelelene kakhulu kwakungu-I.V. I-Michurin. Esikhungweni sakhe, wazala izinhlobo eziningi ezinjalo, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zeBlack Negus zithathwa njengeziyimpumelelo kakhulu. Ukuyidala, i-Krasilny gooseberry, okuwukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zasendle zaseMelika, kanye nomlimi waseYurophu "u-Anibut" weqiwa.
IMichurin ihlele ukusebenzisa le ngxubevange ye-interspecific kuphela njengomkhiqizo oqediwe ukuqeda ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezinye izinhlobo ezimelana nesikhunta se-powdery ngesisekelo sayo. Kepha, ngokungalindelekile kuwo wonke umuntu, iBlack Negus yathola ukuthandwa futhi yaqala ukubhekwa njengesitshalo esigcwele. Cishe ikhulu leminyaka selidlulile kusukela lapho, futhi lokhu kuhlukahluka kusalinywa ezingadini ze-amateur.
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo
I-gooseberry Black Negus iyisihlahlana esinamandla esinobude obungu-1.5 kuya kwamamitha ayi-2 sinamahlumela aminyene, aqinile, ambozwe ngameva, namagatsha amade esimo se-arched, akhula aye ezinhlangothini naphezulu. Amahlamvu esitshalo makhulu, aluhlaza okotshani, onqenqemeni. Ameva amade, abukhali, atholakala ngababili, ngabathathu nangabodwa.
Amajikijolo amile okwepheya, ane-peduncle evulekile nelungiselelo lokubhanqa noma elilodwa. Isici esivelele salezi zinhlobonhlobo umbala wezithelo - zimnyama-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zinokucwebezela futhi zibushelelezi ngaphandle kwe-pubescence. I-pulp yamajikijolo inombala ogqamile obomvu ogqamile.
Izithelo zincane ngosayizi, ubude bazo abudluli ku-2-2.5 cm Isikhumba sincane, kepha asiqhekeki ngisho nasesimo sezulu esomile. Banamathela ezihlahleni kahle, bangabhidliki. Sinenkosi ukunambitheka okumnandi futhi omuncu, lapho ubumuncu inqoba, futhi iphunga elikhanyayo ethize isitshalo.
IBlack Negus inesikhathi esivuthiwe sokuvuthwa, esiqala kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu kaJulayi.
Uthole ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi ngalezi zinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Ukunambitheka kwesiphuzo (Amaphuzu we-4.7) kanye nokwakheka kwamavithamini acebile. Futhi ngenxa yombala wazo ogqamile, amajikijolo amaBlack Negus asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni. Benza ama-compotes, amawayini, alondoloze kanye namajamu amahle kakhulu ekunambitheni nasekugcwaliseni umbala. Inani elincane lama-gooseberries nalo lingangezwa kuma-compotes avela kwamanye amajikijolo ukuze bathole i-ruby hue enhle.
- Ukuqina kwasebusika. Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ngokuphelele isimo sezulu esibandayo sasebusika namakhaza entwasahlobo angalindelekile, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuzalanisa kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia.
- Izithelo ezivamile. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-2-4 ubudala, iBlack Negus ithela izithelo njalo ngonyaka.
- Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu. Kungavunwa kuze kufike ku-7 kg wamajikijolo esihlahleni sabantu abadala.
- Ukuhamba kahle ngokwanele, okuyizinsuku ezingama-20-25.
- Ukumelana nezifo. Akuthinteki yi-powdery isikhutha, ukugqwala nezinye izifo zokukhunta.
Izithiyo kuphela zokuhlukahluka kuzoba ameva alo amakhulu futhi abukhali., okwenza ukuvuna kube nzima kakhulu.
Ukuba khona kwameva amade kungaguqulwa kube inzuzo yakho ngokusebenzisa amahlathi e-gooseberry njengothango. Lapho isikhule ngokwanele, iyoba wudonga oluhlabayo olungenakunqotshwa.
Ngakho-ke, inhlobonhlobo yeBlack Negus inezinzuzo eziningi, futhi ayinakho okubi. Njenganoma isiphi isiko lesivande, lilinganiswa kakhulu ngezithelo zalo ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo. Ngakho-ke, ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe inani labo lokudla okunempilo, umphumela wokwelapha abangaba nawo emzimbeni, kanye nokuphikisana okungenzeka.
Izinzuzo zobhontshisi omnyama nokuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwawo
Ama-gooseberries acebile ngamavithamini namaminerali. Kukholelwa ukuthi umbala omnyama wesithelo, iba nenani lezempilo elengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, kunezakhamzimba ezinomsoco ophindwe izikhathi ezi-3-4 kuma-gooseberries amnyama kunezihlobo zawo eziluhlaza nezimhlophe.
Amajikijolo amaBlack Negus anezinto ezilandelayo zokuphulukisa:
- Basiza ekulweni nokutheleleka ngegciwane, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kukavithamini C. Iningi le-ascorbic acid ligxile kugobolondo le-asidi lamajikijolo.
- Zithuthukisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesistimu yezinzwa, okusizwa ukuba khona kwamavithamini B kanye nezinto ezilandelwayo ezifana ne-calcium, i-manganese, i-potassium, iodine, i-iron, i-zinc nethusi.
- Philisa imithambo yegazi enamavithamini P no-C, ne-potassium ne-magnesium inakekela impilo yenhliziyo.
- Banomphumela omuhle esimweni sesikhumba nokusebenza kokubuka, ngenxa kavithamini A.
- Inconyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-folate, okungenakho ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwe-intrauterine akunakwenzeka.
- Inani elikhulu lezinto ze-pectin limisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokugaya futhi lisiza ukuqeda ubuthi emzimbeni.
- Ama-Anthocyanins, akhona esithelweni, asiza ukusula imithambo yegazi ye-cholesterol, abuyisele umfutho wegazi ejwayelekile futhi avimbele ukuvela kwamacwecwe e-atherosclerotic.
- Okuqukethwe yensimbi okuphezulu (800 mg nge-100 g) kwenza izithelo zibe ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwe-anemia.
- Amajikijolo amnyama amajikijolo angafakwa ngokuphepha ekudleni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, ngoba ziqukethe inani eliphansi lama-carbohydrate, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ziyakwazi ukunikeza umzimba amavithamini kanye nefayibha.
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo ze-gooseberry emnyama, kunezimo eziningi zokuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwayo:
- Ngenxa yenani elikhulu likavithamini C, abantu abanokuthambekela kokungezwani komzimba kufanele baqaphele ama-gooseberries. Ngesizathu esifanayo, leli berry alinconyelwa omama abahlengikazi.
- Okuqukethwe kwe-asidi ephezulu kungabangela ukukhushulwa kwezifo zomgudu wamathumbu. Kubantu abanenkinga, kungcono ukubeka amajikijolo ekwelashweni kokushisa.
- Ungahlanganisi ama-gooseberries nemikhiqizo yobisi, ngokuhlangene banomphumela oqinile we-laxative futhi bavusa uhudo.
Sithole umphumela wokwelashwa nokuphikisana, lapho-ke sizobheka ukuthi amajikijolo asetshenziswa kanjani ekuphekeni.
Izindlela zokupheka ezimnyama ezithandwa kakhulu
Lapho ulungisa izikhala ezivela kuma-gooseberries amnyama, kubalulekile ukugcina izindawo eziningi ezizuzisayo zejikijolo ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi, njengoba wazi, wonke amavithamini abhujiswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukhetho olubaluleke kakhulu lwezempilo lwe-dessert kusuka kumajikijolo luzokwenza ujamu obandayo.
Ugqumugqumu omnyama nojamu obandayo o-orange.
Ujamu onjalo ulungiswa ngaphandle kokwelashwa kokushisa, okukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ukusetshenziswa kwamajikijolo. Esikhathini semikhuhlane, ukudla okunomsoco okunjalo kuzosiza ukubhekana ngokushesha nokutheleleka, futhi ngokusetshenziswa njalo, kuzokwandisa ukuzivikela. Ukuze uyilungiselele, thatha 1 kg yezithelo zeBlack Negus, 500 g kashukela ne-orange eyodwa.
I-pulp yama-gooseberries amnyama amnandi ngokwanele ngokwawo, ngakho-ke lapho wenza ujamu, awudingi ukuthatha amajikijolo noshukela ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo, njengamanye amajikijolo amaningi.
Inqubo yokwenza ujamu ifaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- hlambulula izithelo ugqumugqumu, uxebule izingongolo namaqabunga;
- oma amajikijolo ethawula;
- geza iwolintshi ngaphandle kokulixebula;
- gaya ama-gooseberries namawolintshi ane-zest;
- hlanganisa isisindo esivele noshukela.
Hlela ujamu opholile ophelile ezitsheni ezihlanzwayo kanye nasesiqandisini.
Iwayini elenziwe ngama-gooseberries alithandeki kangako, futhi alilutho neze kunambitheko nephunga elimnandi esiphuzweni esenziwe ngamagilebhisi.
Iwayini le-gooseberry elenziwe ekhaya.
Ukuze uyilungiselele, udinga i-1 kg yama-gooseberries, izingilazi ezi-2 zoshukela, ilitha elilodwa lamanzi.
Amajikijolo awagezelwa iwayini, ngakho-ke kufanele alandwe ehlathini ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze angangcoli emhlabathini.
Ukwenza iwayini elenziwe ekhaya liqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Hlunga amajikijolo ngokususa izingongolo.
- Hlanganisa kahle ama-gooseberries.
- Bilisa ushukela nesiraphu yamanzi nesifriji.
- Faka uginindela kanye nejusi lejikijolo, okwakhiwa lapho ulichoboza, kube isitsha sengilazi. Thela isiraphu kashukela.
- Hlanganisa nge-spatula yokhuni, umboze isitsha nge-gauze bese usibeka endaweni efudumele isonto lonke. Kungcono ukufaka isitsha esitsheni, ngoba ama-gooseberries abila kakhulu, futhi okunye okuqukethwe kungahle kuphume.
- Ngemuva kwesonto, kwakhiwa uginindela ngaphezulu, okumele ususwe nge-spatula yokhuni.
- Thela uketshezi esitsheni esihlanzekile esivalwe ngamanzi bese ulugcina endaweni efudumele izinyanga ezimbili ezilandelayo.
- Ngemuva kokuphela kwenqubo yokuvutshelwa, ozofunda ngayo ngosizo lwamanzi, hlunga iwayini elincane bese ulithululela ezitsheni ezilula.
- Beka amabhodlela endaweni epholile ukuze avuthwe ngokugcwele amanye amasonto ayisithupha.
Leli wayini le-gooseberry elimnandi lizoba umhlobiso ofanele etafuleni lakho lomkhosi.
Uma abaningi bezwile ngejamu, iwayini nejusi compote, futhi bakulungele ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo nemikhiqizo efanayo evela kwamanye amajikijolo, bambalwa-ke abantu abazi ngesosi ebabayo eyenziwe ngamajikijolo e-Black Negus. Le sauce ingangeza i-zest kuzo zombili izitsha zenyama nezitsha ezivela okusanhlamvu nemifino.
Isoso lejusi elimnyama
Ukulungiselela, uzodinga i-1 kg yezithelo ze-gooseberry:
- 400 g anyanisi obomvu;
- 1 i-clove kagalikhi;
- 1 isipuni uwoyela wemifino;
- 60 ml wamanzi;
- 170 g ushukela, mhlawumbe onsundu;
- ½ tsp i-ginger yomhlabathi;
- 2 tsp ukhari;
- 2 isipuni iviniga elimhlophe lewayini;
- 70 g omisiwe;
- 4 tsp usawoti.
Ukupheka kufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Hlanza futhi ususe noma imuphi udoti kuma-gooseberries.
- Sika kahle u-anyanisi nogalikhi bese ubila imizuzu engama-20 enhlanganisweni yamafutha yemifino namanzi.
- Faka amajikijolo, ushukela nosawoti kubo. Yima imizuzu eyi-10, uvuselele njalo.
- Faka omisiwe, izinongo kanye noviniga. Yima imizuzu engaba yishumi ngaphezulu, kuze kuphekwe ama-gooseberries bese ingxube iyaqina.
I-sauce eqediwe ithululelwa ezitsheni eziyinzalo. Ukuvumelana okuntekenteke kakhudlwana, ungakugaya nge-blender, kuphela ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukukufudumeza futhi ngaphambi kokuyigcwalisa ezimbizeni.
Ama-gooseberries amnyama awakwazi ukondla umzimba wakho kuphela ngezinto eziwusizo futhi asize ukulwa nezifo, kepha futhi ahlukanise imenyu yakho ngezindlela zokupheka ezimnandi nezingavamile. Akumangalisi ukuthi iBlack Negus ayilahlekanga isikhundla sayo sokuhola ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zama-gooseberries isikhathi eside kangako.
https://youtu.be/lwf8__sqzlY