Bayanda abantu abaphendukela ekuzalelweni kwamadada emagcekeni abo nasemapulazini amancane. Okuhlwabusayo nokunempilo, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okulinganiselayo kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo namavithamini, inyama.
Ukuzuza okusheshayo nangokuphumelelayo kwesisindo, okungangeneki ezifweni eziningi ezitholakala kwezinye izinkukhu. Lokhu kwenza amadada abe intandokazi yokuzikhethela kwezimfundamakhwela nabachwepheshe ngokufanayo.
Cabanga ngencazelo kanye nezimpawu zohlobo lwezinyoni i-Agidel. Umsebenzi wokuzalisa leli dada waqala ngo-2000 e- "PPZ Blagovarsky" weRiphabhulikhi yaseBashkortostan, ngo-2003 kwatholakala imiphumela yokuqala. Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinkomba ezisezingeni nobungako akusho ukuma namuhla.
Idada le-Agidel: incazelo yokuzala
Amadada ohlobo lwe-Agidel anenhloko ende futhi enkulu, uqhwaku olubanzi lombala omhlophe-obomvana. Amehlo amnyama, abekwe phezulu. Intamo yobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo, yinde kakhulu. Isifuba sijulile futhi siyaphuma. Ingemuva lide futhi libanzi, umzimba umiswe kahle futhi ucishe uvundle. Izimpaphe zimhlophe, ukungabikho okuphelele kophuzi, ukhilimu namanye ama-shades. Imilenze imifushane, iwubukhulu obuphakathi nendawo, umbala osawolintshi okhanyayo ngombala.
Imboni yokukhanyisa yasekhaya, lapho isebenza nezinyoni eziphansi emanzini, ikhetha uphaphe olumhlophe, olungenxa yemisebenzi ethile yobuchwepheshe. Abamele uhlobo oluchaziwe lwamadada bangabaholi ekunikezelweni kwezimpaphe zokwambathisa okugqokiwe, kanye noBelaya Moskovskaya.
Isimo sedada le-Agidel senza sikwazi ukugcina okuqukethwe kwayo, kokubili ezibayeni nasemadlelweni, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizinkomba zezidumbu ezitholakele. Umqondo wamadada njengokumemeza njalo nokumemeza uzungeze igceke noma iphedi, lapho ufuna ukudla, kungabhubhisa lolu hlobo. Ukuziphatha okuzolile, ukunyakaza okulinganisiwe kanye nokudlulela ekumemezeleni kuphela uma kunengozi kuyenezela ebukhosini babo. Ukuntuleka kwengxabano engadingekile kuvumela okuphakelayo ukuthi kumunceke ngokunengqondo futhi kulethe ukuzuza kwesisindo okuphezulu ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ukuba khona kwedamu kuzoba inzuzo yokufuya nokuzalisa amadada. Lapho engekho, akufanele ucasuke. U-Agidel uzophila kahle ngaphandle kwedamu, kepha kulokhu kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ukufinyelela kwamanzi emini, nasezilwaneni ezincane ebusuku.
Umsebenzi wabafuyi lapho usebenza nalamadada wawungahlosile nje kuphela ekwenzeni ngcono izinkomba zokukhiqizwa kwenyama namaqanda, kodwa futhi nokumelana nezifo kanye nokutheleleka ngabantu. Umphumela ozuzwe ososayensi usivumela ukuba sikhulume ngokuzalaniswa kwale nyoni, kokubili ezimbonini nasendaweni yasekhaya. Ngokubheka ukuzuza kwesisindo esisheshayo kanye nenani eliphakeme lokuphakelayo okudliwe ngekhilogremu elilodwa lenzuzo, abaningi benze isiphetho esizwakalayo ngokwezomnotho ngokweluleka kokusebenza ne-agidel.
Kungani amadada eshwabadela? Leli qiniso kungenxa yezinyawo ezibanzi zewebhu. Ukuze kunganyathelwana, idada liyaphoqeleka, lincike esidladleni esisodwa, ukuthwala elinye, lizulazula ngomzimba wonke.
Izici zedada
Amadada ama-Agidel abonakala ngokuthola isisindo ngokushesha. Ngokudla okunomsoco ofanele nezimo ezikahle zokuboshwa emavikini ayisithupha, isisindo sedrake silinganisa ama-3.2 kilograms wedrake kanye no-2.95 wedada. Ukuvezwa ngokweqile kwenani lezinyoni isonto kusuka kule ndawo yokulawula kuzoholela ekufundweni kuka-3.79 kowesilisa no-3.46 kowesifazane. Ukugcinwa okuqhubekayo akuholeli ekukhuleni okukhulu kwesisindo, uphaphe lwe-coarsens. Ukulondolozwa kwamakhanda isikhathi eside okuhilelekile ekuzalaneni komhlambi kuyafaneleka.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo kungahluka kusuka kuzinkomba nezimo ezahlukahlukene, kepha ngokuya ngemininingwane evela kubakhiqizi abakhulu nezinkundla zabanikazi beziza zasendlini eziqukethe leli dada, le nkomba iseduze kuya ku-2.25 kilogram yokuphakelayo nge-1 kilogram yenzuzo... Ukwanda kwalesi sibalo kubangelwe ikakhulu wukungathembeki kwamapulazi ezinkukhu athengisa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sika-A3 (broiler) ulayini A5 (iqanda). Ngokwenkomba, u-Agidel ungowezinhlobo zamadada ama-broiler.
Kwamagceke angasese, isici esibaluleke kakhulu sohlobo oluthile ukuphepha kwemvelo kwemfuyo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele. Emadada ohlobo lwe-Agidel, ingenye yezide kunazo zonke kulezi zinyoni. Ukulondolozwa kwesikhathi esisukela ekuzalweni kuye emavikini ayisithupha kungama-98.5%, hhayi kwehle kakhulu esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyi-0-7 kuya ku-97.5%. Le mpikiswano eyengeziwe ekukhetheni izinyoni zalolu hlobo oluthile.
Ngohlobo oluthathwa njenge-broiler, futhii-gidel inomkhiqizo omuhle wamaqanda... Idada lingabeka amaqanda angama-225 kuye kwangama-260, kuya ngomugqa wesiphambano. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kweqanda lenyoni yakho kuphakeme, isisindo semingcele siyoba phansi futhi kuphakeme ukusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo ukuze kukhule. Iqanda likhulu, line-oval eyakhiwe kahle.
Isisindo imvamisa sisuka kuma-gramu angama-77 olayini weqanda kuze kufike kuma-gramu angama-95 kulayini we-broiler. Kuyacaca ukuthi ingqikithi yesisindo seqanda lemigqa emibili ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza izofana. Ngokubheka ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kokuphakelayo komugqa weqanda lesiphambano, sithola isiqinisekiso sokuthi i-agidel iyinyama yohlobo lwamadada.
Njengoba kunikezwe imininingwane yamadada, akuvunyelwe ukudla amaqanda awo aluhlaza. Kepha benza i-confectionery yenhlama ithenda ikakhulukazi futhi ibe mnandi, beyinika umbala okhethekile nephunga.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaqanda amadada ku-cosmetology yasekhaya kwase kwaziwa vele ogogo bethu. Isikhumba esinamafutha, isizukulwane sethu esidala, silwe namaprotheni ala maqanda amangalisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuqinisa isikhumba, ukuqinisa izimbotshana nokususa ukukhanya. Isikhuphasha sinomphumela oyisimangaliso ekukhuleni kwezinwele nasekuvuseleleni, sondla izinwele ezingaqinile futhi eziqhekekile. Iqanda lonke ledada liyisithako esivamile semaski sokuhlanganiswa kwesikhumba esomile.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa uhlobo
Umbuzo wokuqala, lapho uthatha isinqumo sokufuya amadada ohlobo lwe-Agidel, kuzoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-incubator noma isikhukhukazi ukutshala kabusha. Njengoba leli dada lazalwa ngokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene neziphambano, ukukhulisa inzalo entsha kunenzuzo enkulu kusuka ku-incubator.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kulezi zinyoni, izinga lamaqanda avundisiwe lifinyelela kuma-94%... Ukuchamuselwa kwamadada aqanduselwa emaqandeni aqanduselwa kuhlala ezingeni lama-80% futhi kungabangelwa ukungalungi kwalolu hlobo. Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zama-incubators.
Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kulesi sigaba, kwanele ukulandela lezi zincomo:
- Khetha amaqanda ukuze uwabekele ngokuwahlola ngokucophelela. Kufanele zibe zintsha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi zingabi nemifantu ebonakalayo, ukuxegiselwa noma ukuqhuma, zifane ngaphezulu kwegobolondo.
- Qaphela ngokucophelela ukugcinwa kombuso wokushisa. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabalimi abaningi bezinkukhu kusikisela lezi zinguquko ezilandelayo zokushisa ngokuya ngesikhathi samaqanda ku-incubator:
Isikhathi izinga lokushisa 1-14 izinsuku 37,7 +/-0,3 Izinsuku eziyi-15-21 38,3 +/-0,3 Izinsuku ezingama-22-26 38,7 +/-0,3 - Guqula amaqanda kusifakeli okungenani izikhathi eziyishumi ngosuku ukuvimbela umbungu ekunamatheleni kugobolondo nasekubandeni.
- Esontweni lokuqala, gcina umswakama ka-60-70% ku-incubator, bese wehlisela ku-45% kuze kube yilapho kuchanyuselwa. Lapho amadada aqala ukukhonkotha, kwandisa umswakama ukuthambisa igobolondo.
- Pholisa iqanda okungenani kabili ngosuku. Gcina izikhawu ezilinganayo, ubude besikhathi semizuzu eyi-10-30.
Ngemuva kokuchamusela amadada, nakekela izinga lokushisa nokukhanya... Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, ukukhanyisa kufanele kube ubusuku nemini. Kanciphisa kancane kancane amandla, hhayi inani lamahora omsebenzi.
Amadada yizinyoni ezinamandla kakhulu emzimbeni, futhi ukudla kwasebusuku kujwayelekile kubo. Ukutholakala kwamanzi kuyadingeka ngaso sonke isikhathi; ezilwaneni ezisencane, ukwakheka kophuzayo kufanele kuvimbele ukusaphazeka. Udoti owomile uyisiqinisekiso sempilo nokusinda kwamadada.
Kungcono ukukhiqiza ukudla usebenzisa izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo noma okusanhlamvu okuchoboziwe, kancane kancane ufaka imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kanye nekhekhe lommbila nelanga likajongilanga ekudleni. I-Agidel uhlobo lwedada olukhetha okusanhlamvu kunezinhlamvu nemixube. Uma udinga ukushintshela kolunye uhlobo lokuphakelayo, ungakwenzi ngokungazelelwe. Isikhathi esithile, izinsuku ezingama-4-7, phakela ngakho konke okuphakelayo, bese ususa kancane kancane okuphakelayo okungadingekile. Isidingo esikhulu sokudla kwamadada ukulinganisela kwawo nokuba khona kwayo yonke inkimbinkimbi yamavithamini namaminerali.
Impumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu yabafuyi ekuthuthukisweni kwalolu hlobo bekungukungavikeleki kwayo ezifweni eziningi ezivezwa amadada amaningi. Iqembu le-leukemia lezifo liyisihlava emapulazini amaningi asizayo azalela amadada.
U-Agidel uyidada elingangenwa yilezi zifo. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo somuntu ukwehla kokuvivinya umzimba, ukwenqaba ukudla namanzi, nezimpiko ezehlisiwe. Uma kutholakala idada elinjalo, lihlukanise nomhlambi futhi uqaphele ngokucophelela ezinye izinyoni. Bheka udokotela wezilwane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhomba ubunjalo besifo, nokuvikela ukufa kwephakeji lonke.
Ukubhoboza kanye nokuhlwitha izimpaphe kumadada akuvamile ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo ezithathelwanayo noma ezinye. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukungabikho kwamavithamini nezinto ezincane ekudleni, izimo zokuphila ezingagculisi (ukuminyana, ukungcola, igumbi elinomswakama, udoti ongcolile). Ukuvimbela izifo enyonini kulula kunokuzelapha - lona ngumthetho wegolide womfuyi wezinkukhu.
Izinzuzo nobubi bohlobo
- Ukuzuza ngokushesha kwesisindo.
- Ukumelana nezifo nokutheleleka.
- Uphaphe lwekhwalithi naphansi.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuphezulu kwezinhlobo ze-broiler.
- Izimfanelo eziguqukayo zabantu ngabanye.
- Nambitha izimfanelo zenyama.
Okubi kohlobo
- Okuqukethwe kwamafutha kwenyama yohlobo lwe-broiler.
- Ukuthola i-brood kusuka ku-incubator.
Idada le-Agidel lilungele ukuthola inyama enomsoco futhi enambithekayo, kokubili egcekeni elincane nasemapulazini amakhulu. Kucatshangelwa izici zohlobo nokuzalaniswa kwalo, imfuyo encane iyakwazi ukwanelisa isidingo senyama yomndeni omkhulu ngokwanele.