Amacebo wabo bonke abasebenza engadini afaka phakathi izinyathelo zokuvimbela izitshalo ezifweni zefungal... Enye yezindlela zokwelapha ezingabizi kakhulu ezisetshenzisiwe yi-copper sulfate. Ukusebenza kokusetshenziswa kwayo, imiyalo kanye nemithetho yokulungiselela isisombululo esisebenzayo kusuka ekulimaleni sekwephuzile kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho asebenzisa khona ithusi sulfate?
Emashumini amaningi eminyaka ilandelana, i-sulfate yethusi ayilahlekelwanga ukubaluleka kwayo emsebenzini wokulima. Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela izitshalo ezifweni zefungal:
- uqweqwe;
- indawo emhlophe;
- i-ascochitis;
- moniliosis;
- isikhutha;
- i-phytophthora nezinye izifo.
Ngaphezu kwezinhloso ze-prophylactic, i-ejenti isetshenziselwa ukugqoka ama-foliar. Izitshalo ezikhula enhlabathini ene-asidi, isihlabathi noma i-peaty zivame ukuntuleka ngethusi. Ukwelashwa okungu-1-2 kwanele ukwenzela ukungabi khona kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo emhlabathini.
Umsebenzi wokwethula uvame ukuqala ngokuncipha kwenhlabathi. Njengenketho kulokhu, sebenzisa isisombululo se-sulfate yethusi. Futhi, i-ejenti isebenza njenge-antiseptic yezakhiwo zamapulangwe. Ukufafaza isihlahla kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta noma isikhutha. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ngabalimi lapho behlela izindlu zokugcina izithombo noma ezinye izakhiwo zengadi.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-fungicide entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Akunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise ngaphambi kobusika, ukuze ungagcini inhlabathi nge-ion zethusi.
Izinzuzo nobubi bokusebenzisa
Inzuzo enkulu ye-sulfate yethusi ukuthi izinto ezisebenzayo ze-ejenti zihlala ngemuva kokufafaza ebusweni besitshalo, ngaphandle kokufakwa kwimifino nezithelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno esiphephile empilweni yomuntu. Ezinye izinzuzo zifaka:
- ubuchwepheshe obulula sebenzisa;
- kufinyeleleka intengo;
- ubuthi obuphansi (izinto ezinobungozi zibola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa);
- lapho isetshenziswe kahle ayinayo imiphumela emibi;
- ukwakheka kucebisa izitshalo insimbi;
- ukwelashwa okuningi hhayi umlutha ku-isikhunta namagciwane.
Isibulala-zinambuzane sisebenza ngokwesayensi ekulweni nokulimala okwenzeka sekwedlule isikhathi ngenxa yokuqukethwe yithusi okuphezulu. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kweminye imikhiqizo engadini kanye nengadi yemifino. Noma iziphi izimpikiswano mayelana nobuthi bento zisuselwa kuphela ekukhuleni okungenasisekelo komthamo wayo. Umphumela ngemuva kokwelashwa okufanele kwemibhede uhlala amasonto ama-2, futhi isenzo sezithako ezisebenzayo siqala ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa.
I-Copper sulfate isenobubi, yize umuthi uhlolwe yizizukulwane eziningana zabalimi. Ezinsukwini zakudala, lapho kwakungekho ukukhetha kwezibulala-zinambuzane, uketshezi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lwalusetshenziswa kuyo yonke imizi. Akunzima ukuthola enye indlela manje, ikakhulukazi njengoba kukhona ukwakheka okususelwa ezintweni eziphilayo emakethe. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kubhekwa njengokuphephe ngokuphelele, ngokungafani nesisombululo sethusi. Futhi kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uketshezi olusebenzayo lungashisa izitshalo noma lwenze isithelo singasebenziseki uma wandisa ingxenye yempuphu yekristalu.
I-Copper sulfate isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izifo futhi ayikwazi ukubuyisela ukwelashwa okugcwele ngemithi esebenza kancane.
Imiyalo yokusetshenziselwa utamatisi nezinye izitshalo
Ukulungisa isisombululo esisebenzayo, qhafaza amakristalu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emanzini. I-ejenti yenani lama-gramu angu-50 iqale ihlanjululwe ngesamba esincane soketshezi, bese kuthi ngemuva kokuxubana okuphelele, inani eliphelele lilethwa kumalitha ama-5. Izici zezinto ezisebenzayo zigcinwa usuku lonke. I-vitriol encibilikisiwe ayikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ulungiselele ingxenye entsha ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Ukuba khona kobuthi kukuphoqa ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho ufafaza uketshezi:
- fafaza kude nemizimba yamanzi nemfuyo;
- uma kunezinyosi, ungazivumeli ukuba ziphume ezindlini zazo ngosuku lomsebenzi.
Izitshalo zidinga ukucutshungulwa kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu lapho kunesimo sezulu esomile. Uma kunokusongela kwemvula, kungcono ukuhlehlisela umsebenzi ngolunye usuku (umphumela uyanyamalala uma lina amahora ama-4).
Abalimi abanesipiliyoni bayelulekwa ukuba bafeze izindlela zokuvimbela okulimaza sekwephuzile ngezigaba eziningana.
- Isigaba sokuqala senziwa esiteji sokulungiselela inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela izithombo... Inhlabathi iswakanyiswe ngesifutho ngesisombululo sesithathu se-sulfate yethusi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kanye.
- Isigaba sesibili senziwa esiteji sokukha izithombo... Ngosuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokudlulisa izithombo ezitsheni ezihlukene, inhlabathi imanziswa ngesisombululo esenziwe ngethusi esingu-1%. Akufanele usebenzise uketshezi olugxilile, ngoba lungaba nomthelela ocindezelayo ezitshalweni.
- Isigaba sesithathu sihilela ukunisela izimbobo lapho utshala izithombo engadini... Izinga lokusetshenziswa: 1 litre ngembobo eyodwa. Kamuva, izitshalo esiteji sokumiswa kwezithelo zifuthwa nge-Bordeaux liquid. Ukuhlungwa kwe-sulfate yethusi engxenyeni eluhlaza yezitshalo akufanele kudlule u-0.1-0.2%, uma kungenjalo ukusha kungavela emaqabungeni.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho usebenza nethuluzi
Lapho usebenza nge-sulfate yethusi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ugqoke amagilavu nezingilazi ukuvikela isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ekuthintaneni ngqo nesisombululo. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ungadli ukudla namanzi, kanye nentuthu. Uma umkhiqizo uhlangana nezindawo ezivulekile zesikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, kunconywa ukuthi ugeze ngokushesha indawo ethintekile ngamanzi amaningi.
I-insecticide ingeyesigaba sesithathu se-hazard, esibonisa izinga eliphansi lobuthi lapho lisetshenziswa ngamanani amancane. Ngakho-ke, lapho ulungiselela isisombululo esisebenzayo, kufanele unamathele kumthamo okhonjisiwe ukuze izithelo zingazibutheli ubuthi ngokwazo.
I-insecticide iyikhemikhali, ngakho-ke uma uyisebenzisa epulazini, kufanele uthobele eminye imithetho:
- udinga ukunciphisa isixazululo esitsheni esingesensimbi;
- ngokusebenza kwekhwalithi ephezulu yenqubo, sebenzisa ibhulashi elinama-bristles amade athambile noma ibhodlela le-spray;
- kuhlanjululwe ukwakheka kugcina izakhiwo zayo amahora angama-5-6 kuphela;
- ngesikhathi sokufafaza ukuvikela ukufinyelela ezilwaneni nasezinganeni;
- gcina ikhambi adingekayo kumalokhi lapho izingane nezilwane bengeke bazifinyelele.
Ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi ekulweni nokulimaza okwenziwe sekwephuzile kumatamatisi nge-sulfate yethusi
U-Alexey Petrovich, oneminyaka engama-53 ubudala.Iminyaka eminingana ilandelana bengilokhu ngitshala utamatisi ngaphandle kokubhekana nenkinga yokulimala sekwephuzile. Ngisebenzisa i-sulfate yethusi okungenani ama-3 ngesizini ngayinye. Isikhathi sokuqala, lapho ngifaka amagciwane imbewu, ngokwesibili, ilitha elilodwa emgodini ngamunye ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, okwesithathu ngaphambi kokuqhakaza njengokudla kwefoliar.
U-Anastasia, oneminyaka engu-36 ubudala. Ngaphambi kokutshala ngakunye, nginamanzisa inhlabathi ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi, kepha utamatisi usathinteka yisifo esibuhlungu sekwephuzile. Ngilungisa umkhiqizo ngokufanele, nginamathela ezinkambisweni zokunisela. Mhlawumbe ngiphuthelwe enye into noma i-sulfate yethusi ayisebenzi kangako?
UTimur, oneminyaka engu-46 ubudala. I-Copper sulfate endlini ingumsizi wokuqala. Ku-greenhouse, konke ukubulala amagciwane kwenziwa nge-liquid eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umhlaba nawo unamagciwane ngawo. Futhi ngigcina imbewu kusixazululo esibuthakathaka ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Utamatisi utholwa munye, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokulimaza sekwedlule isikhathi.
UVladlen Vitalievich, oneminyaka engu-51 ubudala. Bengilokhu ngisebenzisa i-copper sulfate emsebenzini wokulima engadini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Angikaze ngithenge izidakamizwa ezisuselwa kumakhemikhali ngenxa yokungathembi nokungazimiseli ukufaka ushevu izithelo. Futhi ngesisombululo sethusi ngifaka amagciwane enhlabathini yezithombo nasemibhedeni ngaphambi kokutshala, futhi ngicubungula ukushisa okushisa entwasahlobo. Umsizi ongcono kakhulu kunzima ukumthola. Ibhekana nokulimala kwesikhathi samatamatisi ngokumangazayo neminye imisebenzi. Ncoma!
USophia, oneminyaka engama-49. Ngangethuka lapho, ngemuva kwemvula, ngithola amabala ansundu kutamatisi ovuthayo. Ngangingafuni ukusala ngingenaso isivuno, ngacela usizo kumakhelwane wakuleli. Weluleke ukuthi aphathe umbhede kabili ngesisombululo se-copper sulfate. Ithuluzi lenze umsebenzi oncomekayo ngenkinga. Epulazini, njengoba kwenzekile, ukulungiswa okuqukethe ithusi kuyinto engabuyiseki.
Lapho usebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ngasikhathi sinye, khumbula lokho i-sulfate yethusi ayihambisani nezidakamizwa ezibolile endaweni ene-alkaline (isibonelo, i-organophosphates).