Izitshalo zamatamatisi ezihlanganisiwe zithandwa kakhulu namuhla, njengoba ziqukethe izici ezinhle kakhulu zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene futhi zibhekwa cishe njengendawo yonke. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokutshala zingakhethwa kunoma yisiphi isifunda esinezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Esinye sezibonelo ezinjalo utamatisi we-Sunrise, incazelo yezici ozofunda ngazo kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo nezimpawu zikatamatisi Ukuphuma kwelanga
Izinhlobonhlobo zithathwa njengezinqunyiwe, ezithela isivuno sokuqala semifino esezingeni eliphakeme. Izihlahla zokukhula okuphansi, azidluli amasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, zidinga ukucinanwa, kepha azidingi ukubopha izisekelo.
Utamatisi uvuthwa kusenesikhathi, akudluli izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezimbili nohhafu ukusuka ekuveleni kwezithombo kuye ekuqaleni kokuvuna. Isihlahla esisodwa, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, siletha okungenani amakhilogremu amahlanu emifino evuthiwe. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zihlukaniswa ngombala obomvu, uginindela wabo unamanzi kakhulu, unomuncu omncane. Utamatisi ubumbene, umcaba omncane kusuka esiqwini sezithelo. Isikhumba siminyene, asijwayele ukuqhekeka. Utamatisi owodwa unesisindo esilinganiselwa cishe ngamagremu angamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu.
Inzuzo enkulu yesitshalo ngosayizi waso ohlangene. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukutshala izihlahla eziningi zikatamatisi endaweni encane, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngekhwalithi yesitshalo.
Ukutshala izinhlobonhlobo kungenzeka hhayi kuphela ezimweni zokushisa okushisayo, kepha nasemibhedeni engavikelekile. Utamatisi ovuthiwe udliwa usentsha, usetshenziselwa ukwenza amasoso, amapasta, amajusi, okusemathinini.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda esikhulayo
Utamatisi uvela kubafuyi abangamaDashi. Isivuno esiphezulu se-hybrid kanye nesidingo sayo esiphansi sokunakekelwa sathandwa ngabalimi ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Izakhamizi zase-Ukraine zizithanda kakhulu izinhlobonhlobo.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezinkulu kunezici ezilandelayo:
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kwezitshalo;
- asikho isidingo sokufaka izisekelo zokwenza i-garter;
- ukumelana okuhle nezifo eziningi, okuvame ukutholakala ezitshalweni ze-nightshade;
- isikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa;
- ukubumbana kwehlathi;
- lapho ukhule ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina izithombo, kungenzeka ukuthi uvune unyaka wonke;
- Izithelo ezivuthiwe zihanjiswa kahle.
Kukhona iphuzu elilodwa kuphela elibi kuzo zonke izimpawu ezinhle - izimfanelo zokunambitheka zikatamatisi zimaphakathi, kungcono ukuzisebenzisa ekheniweni.
Ukutshala imbewu
Isikhathi sezithombo ezikhulayo sincike enkathini futhi singamasonto ayisishiyagalolunye esizini sasebusika, ayisithupha kuya kwemihlanu entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngokulandelana. Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa emabhokisini noma kumakhasethi agcwele ingxube ye-peat ngokufakwa kwe-vermiculite.
Ukutshala kwenziwa ekujuleni kwesentimitha elilodwa enhlabathini enomswakama.
Uma imbewu ithengwa esitolo, akufanele ifakwe.
Ukutshala kugcina ngokunisela, iziqukathi zibekwa endaweni efudumele yokuhluma.
Ukunisela amahlumela kufanele kwenziwe ngamaconsi amancane kusetshenziswa amanzi afudumele. Izithombo zingacwiliswa emasontweni ambalwa, lapho ihlumela lizokwakha iqabunga elilodwa leqiniso. Lapho ufaka kabusha, kunconywa ukuthi unciphise impande enkulu ukuze isithombo siqale ukwakha amagatsha asemaceleni.Ngemuva kokukha, izithombo zibekwa efasiteleni elikhanyiswe kahle.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
lokhu kungenziwa lapho izithombo zifana nezici eziningi. Isibonelo, kufika emaqabungeni ayishumi asevele akha ngaphansi kwebhulashi elingezansi. Njengomthetho, lo msebenzi uwela maphakathi noMeyi.
Imibhede ilungiswa kusengaphambili, kumbiwe, ukhula luyasuswa. Izihlahla zitshalwa ngokohlelo "amasentimitha angamashumi amahlanu kuya kwangamashumi amahlanu".
Ezindaweni ezincane, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lingancishiswa.
Ekuqaleni, izithombo kufanele zivikelwe ebusuku ngezinto zokumboza.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokulima
Lesi sitshalo asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, singakwenza ngokukhululekile ngezinyathelo ezijwayelekile zotamatisi abaningi - ukhula, ukuchelela, ukukhulula inhlabathi engaphezulu, ukungeza izingoma zokufaka umquba.
Ukunisela sonke isikhathi sokukhula kwenziwa inani lezikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyishumi, konke lapha kuncike ezimweni zesimo sezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kufanele kube okungenani amalitha angamashumi amathathu kumitha ngayinye eyisikwele yesiza. Abanye abalimi baqala ukusebenzisa amasistimu okunisela ngenkasa (drip irrigation) kulokhu - kulula futhi kuyonga.
I-Potassium nitrate isetshenziswa njengomanyolo omkhulu. Iningi lalo kufanele lilethwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sizodinga izakhi ze-phosphorus.
Utamatisi Ukuphuma kwelanga kudinga ukucinanwa, okwenziwa kusigaxa sezithelo esiphansi.
Ungayithola kanjani imbewu yonyaka ozayo?
Abanye abalimi bazikha kutamatisi ovuthiwe, bazomise bese bazigcinela ukutshala okuzayo. Kepha ungathenga izinto zembewu esitolo esikhethekile. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kufanele zifakwe emanzini anosawoti kuphela bese zisuswa ngaphezulu.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Izinhlobo zeSunrise zinhle ngoba ziyakwazi ukumelana nezifo eziningi ezithinteka kuzo izitshalo zikatamatisi. Kepha uma ekuqaleni kwesizini ekhulayo baphathwa ngamakhemikhali akhethekile, ungakha ukuvikeleka okuthembekile kulezi zinkinga.
Izimuncagazi ezingalimaza utamatisi:
- Ibhungane laseColorado;
- i-aphid;
- ibhungane;
- thrips.
Amakhemikhali akhethekile angathengwa ezitolo azokusiza ukubhekana nezivakashi ezinjalo ezingafuneki.
Lesi sitshalo sithathwa njengomuntu ofanele kakhulu ukulinywa embhedeni noma engcebweni yokushisa. Bonke abalimi bakhuluma ngaye kahle, ngoba izithelo zikatamatisi ziheha impela ngokubukeka, izihlahla zikhiqiza kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye zihlangene kahle. Ngokubheka iqiniso lokuthi imifino esekhulile yenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside, kunconywa ukuyitshala ukuze ithengiswe.