Iberry ngalinye le-currant liyinqolobane engenakuqhathaniswa yamavithamini, umthombo wamalungiselelo amnandi enziwe ekhaya, iziphuzo zezithelo nokugcwalisa ophaya. Ngaphandle kwehaba, isivuno esihle, esiningi samajikijolo akhukhumezekile, anebhodwe, amabhantshi acwebezelayo isifiso sanoma yimuphi umlimi wensimu. Kungokoqobo impela, okunezinhlobonhlobo ezifanele zezihlahla, kucatshangelwa isimo sezulu, nokunakekelwa okufanele kwazo.
Kepha, Ama-currants anesitha esikhulu - izimuncagazi, ezinciphisa kakhulu isivuno, noma ngokuvamile ziyichithe yonke imizamo yomhlali wasehlobo... Izinambuzane eziyinhloko ezinqunywe ezihlahleni zamaberry ama-aphid nezimbungulu zezinso. Ukomisa noma ukugingqa amaqabunga kanye namahlumela kungaba yizimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka kwezitshalo. Ake sibone ukuthi kungani kuvela izinambuzane ezinjalo, yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo?
Kungani amaqabunga e-currant ephuzi futhi omile
Izimbangela zesifo sehlathi, lapho amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amasha aqala ukoma, imvamisa izifo zezifo nezinambuzane.
Izimuncagazi eziyinhloko ezilimaza ama-currants yilezi:
- isicabucabu;
- izinso mite;
- imbiza yengilazi ye-currant;
- i-currant leaf gall midge;
- i-currant shoot gall midge;
- i-aphid gall aphid;
- ugqumugqumu ihlumela i-aphid.
Ama-currants agula ngenxa yezifo ezilandelayo:
- i-spheroteka;
- i-anthracnose;
- septoriasis;
- ukugqwala kwekholomu;
- Ukugqwala komgqomo.
Ngokuvamile, ama-currant bushes ahlushwa yizinhlobonhlobo zama-aphid nezinso zezinso.
Izinso, izindlela zokubhekana nazo
Lesi silokazane sihlala esihlahleni se-currant impilo yaso yonke. Isinambuzane esincane kakhulu, ubude bomzimba wowesifazane bungu-1.5-3 mm kuphela, kanti abesilisa bancane ngisho nangaphansi... Izinambuzane zifukamela futhi zibekele amaqanda efihlekile zesitshalo. Lapho izibungu zichanyuselwa, asikho isikhala esanele kuzo, ngokulandelana, ziya ezifihlekile ezingomakhelwane, zithatha amahlumela amasha. Ngakho-ke, sonke isihlahla se-currant siyathinteka, bese kuthi izihlahla ze-currant ezingomakhelwane nezinye izitshalo - amajikijolo, ama-gooseberries nezinye - nazo ziyagula.
Vele, ihlumela alikhuli uma lithinteka yizinambuzane. Uma amagatsha anjalo ekhula, khona-ke kuphela kufomu eliguqukile. Ngokufanele, isivuno naso siyancipha. Ngaphezu kokunciphisa inani lamajikijolo, izibungu nazo zidala okunye ukulimala. Baphatha izifo eziningi ezingalimaza izitshalo, kufaka phakathi i-virus curl noma i-marbling.... Kulesi sifo, amaqabunga asonga futhi abe nokunamathela, acishe afane nezintwala.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekana nemikhaza esezinze kuma-currants:
Kuthelwa amanzi abilayo
Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga iyimvelo kakhulu futhi iyabiza. Le ndlela iyasebenza impela - zonke izibungu ziyafa ngesikhathi sokushiswa, futhi isihlahla siya ngokuya siba namandla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi abilayo kunama-nuances awo:
- asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa amanzi abilayo abilayo, izinga lokushisa elanele 60-80 degrees;
- kuzoba lula ukuthulula phezu kwamagatsha uma zibophele ndawonye;
- imikhaza iqala ukusebenza ngemisebe yokuqala efudumele, uma isihlahla sesiqale ukuqhakaza, ngeke ukwazi ukusinisela ngamanzi abilayo... Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuvela kwe- "haze eluhlaza";
- diving can futhi ngaphezu kwalokho ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi.
Ukususwa mathupha
Le ndlela idinga ukugxila nokubekezela. Ukuhlunga ama-buds ukuze ususe umkhaza kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuwavula.
Le ndlela inezinkinga ezimbili ezibalulekile.... Okokuqala, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa izinso ezibonakala ziphilile kunalezo izibungu ezicashe kuzo. Okwesibili, kunamathuba amaningi okusika amahlumela aphelele, ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kokuhlolwa kwesitshalo.
Lapho ukhetha le ndlela, zonke izinso ezisusiwe kufanele ziqoqwe ebhakedeni elilodwa bese zishiswa.
Amakhemikhali e-Sulphur
Amalungiselelo asuselwa kwisulfure athandwa kakhulu futhi asebenzayo yilawa:
- isibabule se-colloidal;
- umhluzi we-lime-sulfuric.
Imikhaza ayikwazi ukubekezelela isibabule nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukufafaza okuvimbelayo ngezixazululo eziqukethe isulfure kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi izinambuzane ngeke zihlale ezihlahleni.
Uma lesi sitshalo sithinteke kakhulu, khona-ke udinga ukulungisa isisombululo sesibabule ngokulingana no-10 amagremu nge-1 litre lamanzi, futhi uphathe lesi sitshalo ngaso. Izihlahla ziphathwa ngesibabule kabili:
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza noma ekuqaleni, isisombululo se-2% sisetshenziswa;
- ngemuva kokuqhakaza - 1% noma 1.5% ingxube nesulfure.
Kukhona ubungozi obukhulu bokuhlala ngonyaka wokucubungula ngale ndlela ngaphandle kwesivuno, noma kunjalo lawa makhemikhali aqeda nya umkhaza uqobo kanye nezifo zefungal... Kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo ezichazwe kumiyalo yamakhemikhali ukuze uhambisane nezinyathelo zokuphepha lapho usebenza nawo.
Ukuthena
Lesi yisilinganiso esedlulele, esinamandla. Uma umkhaza ngokuzumayo kuvela ukuthi umelana nakho konke okusezweni, futhi lokhu, yize kungavamile, kepha kwenzeka, lesi sitshalo sinqunywa empandeni ekwindla sekwephuzile, noma imbiwa ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, ibhujiswa ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwesihlahla esigulayo, kanye nangemva kokusihlahla, lonke ithuluzi okwenziwe ngalo umsebenzi kumele libulawe amagciwane, uma kungenzeka, kuhle futhi ukulifudumeza ngokungeziwe.
Amakhambi nezindlela zabantu
Kudala balwa nezibungu ngegalikhi... Wamane watshalwa ezungeze amahlathi, wakha uhlobo lokubiyela ngokumelene nezimuncagazi.
Futhi, amahlumela athintekile athelwa ngomhluzi wegalikhi onamandla - u-200-300 amagremu kagalikhi ohlutshiwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Uma izimbali seziqalile, khona-ke izihlahla zifuthwa nge-decoctions ezivela ezitshalweni ezinjenge:
- ugwayi uyisitshalo, kodwa nogwayi osetshenziswayo ekukhiqizeni nawo ufanelekile;
- idandelion;
- I-Walnut.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesiphuzo setiyi esilula nakho kufakazele kahle.
Usebenzisa izindlela zokupheka zomuntu, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zilungile ngokusakazeka okuncane komkhaza. Uma indawo ethintekile yizinambuzane inkulu, kuzothathwa izinyathelo ezisebenza kangcono.
Akukho okungcono ekuvikeleni umsebenzi womkhaza kunama-acaricides... Lona umugqa wamanje wamakhemikhali anezenzo eziningi, okusho ukuthi akusizi ukulwa nemikhaza kuphela, kepha nezinye izinambuzane nezifo eziningi. Amalungiselelo ethulwa kabanzi kunoma yisiphi isitolo sokulima futhi ayindlela ephelele kune-sulphur, enomphumela wayo, kepha ngaphandle kokulimaza isihlahla.
Ama-aphid on currants amhlophe, amnyama futhi abomvu, kanjani ukulwa?
Uma ukuvuvukala kuvela emaqabungeni ama-currants abomvu noma amhlophe, kanti amaqabunga e-currant emnyama asongwe abe amashubhu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukwehlulwa kwezitshalo ngamagciwane anjengama-aphid.
Ama-aphid ngokuvamile ahlala ezihlahleni zezinhlobo ezimhlophe nezibomvu:
- inyongo ebomvu;
- i-currant enoboya.
I-aphid gooseberry aphid ithanda okufanayo.
Ziyingozi ezitshalweni ezinezifo futhi zithandeka kakhulu ama-aphid yizimo zezulu ezinjenge:
- yomile;
- kushisa;
- libalele.
Zonke izinsuku ezimnandi zokuphumula ezweni, sengathi zihloselwe ukosa kanye nokugunda utshani, azithandwa ngabantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezintwala. Kuyadingeka ukulwa nalesi silokazane njalo, ngoba umjikelezo wempilo yomuntu mfushane kakhulu, futhi ngenkathi yasehlobo, ingashintsha isuka ezizukulwaneni eziyi-10 iye kwezingu-15 koloni olulodwa lwesinambuzane.
I-aphid ehlala ku-currant iyinambuzane encane kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomzimba bungu-2.2 mm kuphela. Ngokuminyana okuseduze, izinambuzane zibukeka njengesiqeshana sombala okhanyayo ompunga, ophuzi noma oluhlaza.
Ama-aphid adla ujusi wamaqabunga e-currant, aluma kuwo ngemuva. Ngisho nokuhlala okuncane kwalezi zinambuzane kuthatha amandla amaningi ehlathini., kunciphisa kakhulu isivuno kuphela, kepha nokukhula nokuthuthuka kwama-currants.
Imfucuza yama-aphid yi-honeydew, noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, i-honeydew - isibiliboco esiyintandokazi sezintuthwane. Kungumqondo ophusile ovamile wokuthi izintuthwane zidla ama-aphid, zisiza umhlali wasehlobo ukuthi alwe nayo. Akunjalo nakancane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, Izintuthwane zivikela ngokucophelela amakoloni ezinambuzane futhi zisakaze nezintwala, zizidlulisele emahlumela amasha nasezihlahleni ezingomakhelwane.
Ama-aphid nezintuthwane yizimpawu zemvelo zezinhlobo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqala ukulwa nezintwala, ukubhubhisa izintuthwane.
Ungasusa amakoloni ezinambuzane ngezindlela ezilandelayo ezidumile:
- uqaphela amaqabunga avuvukile ezihlahleni, amahlumela anezigaxa ezisontekile zamaqabunga, udinga ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokuhlehlisa, usike bese ushisa;
- isiza kahle ukufutha izihlahla futhi sicubungula iqabunga ngalinye ngokufakwa komlotha kanye ne-makhorka, okulungiselelwe ngesilinganiso esinjalo - ama-400-500 amagremu ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi;
- umphumela omuhle unika ukuwasha izandla ishidi ngalinye bese ufafaza sonke isitshalo ngesixazululo sensipho nesoda - insipho eningi nesipuni sesoda ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi;
- I-celandine inobuthi bama-aphidNgakho-ke, njengoba ulungiselele ukumnika ngokulingana no-3.5-4 kg we-celandine esanda kusikwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, ungafafaza izihlahla, zombili esezivele zithintekile futhi ziphilile ngaphandle, kepha udinga ukugqoka amagilavu kanye nomshini wokuphefumula, ngoba i-celandine ingadala ukucasuka okukhulu;
- nje geza wonke amaqabunga ngensipho futhi ukubaleka, umuntu wasekhaya ungcono kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela ezamukelwa kabanzi futhi ezilula, ama-pesticides kanye nezinambuzane zingasetshenziswa ukulwa nezintwala, njenge:
- vofatox;
- karbofos;
- kinmix;
- i-aktara;
- umabhebhana.
Uhlu lwemithi enikezwa abalimi yimboni lukhulu impela futhi luyehlukahluka, kepha noma yikuphi okukhethayo, kuzofanele ufafaze amahlathi kathathu:
- entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela;
- ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga;
- ehlobo, cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokukha amajikijolo (Julayi - Agasti, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo).
Ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela, ukuze uqale ukwethusa ama-aphid, kuhle ukutshala izitshalo eduze kwama-currants angakubekezeleli:
- u-anyanini;
- idile;
- utamatisi;
- ugaliki;
- i-mint;
- iparsley;
- i-basil;
- i-coriander;
- tansy;
- marigold.
Kuzosebenza kakhulu ukufaka izinyathelo eziphelele, kufaka phakathi ukutholwa kanye nokugaywa kwezintuthwane. Ukuqeda ama-aphid ngokuphelele kunzima, kepha kungenzeka impela.
Kuthiwani uma i-currant isoma?
Kunezizathu eziningi ngenxa yokuthi izihlahla zingaqala ukujika ziphuzi futhi zome, kepha zonke zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:
- izimo zemvelo;
- isenzo sezinambuzane;
- izifo zezitshalo.
Izimbangela zemvelo zifaka isimo sezulu, njengesomiso. Indawo engafanele lapho isihlahla sikhula khona libalele kakhulu futhi lomile, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukumiswa komswakama, okubangela ukubola kwezimpande.
Izinambuzane ezilimaza ama-currants ziyimbangela evame kakhulu yokumiswa kwamaqabunga. Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane zendabuko, izintuthwane nezimvemvane zomlilo zingadala izifo zezitshalo.
Izifo eziholela ekumeni kwezitshalo zivame ukuthwalwa yizinambuzane. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- ama-mosaic anemigqa nemigqa;
- i-anthracnose, ukutheleleka kwefungal okudinga isenzo esisheshayo;
- i-powdery isikhutha, kokubili iYurophu neMelika;
- i-cercosporosis;
- ukugqwala, kokubili indebe nekholomu.
Uma umsuka wokomiswa kwama-currants kungenxa yezizathu zesimo sezulu, ngokwesibonelo, ehlobo elishisayo nelinelanga, khona-ke kulula ukubhekana nakho. Udinga nje ukuhlinzeka ngokunisela. Baphuza izihlahla eziningi, kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-2 x amabhakede ngosuku... Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, inani lamanzi atholwe yisitshalo kufanele lenyuswe libe ngamabhakede amathathu.
Awukwazi ukunisela ama-currants ngamanzi abandayo, ngokunakekelwa okunjalo isitshalo singagula. Amanzi kufanele afudumele kahle elangeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungayishayela ekuseni, uyishiyele usuku.
Uma isihlahla somile ngenxa yokubola kwezimpande, ngenxa yezikhukhula zazo, ezijwayelekile ehlobo elina kakhulu, izenzo kufanele zibe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- uthele inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo;
- bamba imisele yokuhambisa amanzi ehlathini, ebangeni elingu-50-60 cm.
Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwezimvula ezinkulu, lapho umhlaba usoma, ungqimba lwamanzi kufanele lugcwaliswe, ngoba ama-currants ayisitshalo esithanda umswakama, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile awudingi amanzi okuhambisa amanzi.
Uma izihlahla zomile ngenxa yephutha lezinambuzane noma izifo, kuzothathwa izinyathelo ezifanele.
Akuzona zonke izakhamuzi zasehlobo zanamuhla eziqondayo izinhlobo zezinambuzane noma izinhlobonhlobo zezifo zezitshalo. ngakho-ke amakhemikhali athandwa kakhulu wesenzo esibanzi, izinto ezinjalo zifaka:
- isibabule;
- i-phosphomide;
- karbofos;
- i-vitriol;
- uketshezi lwe-bordeaux;
- i-phytosporin;
- isisekelo.
Ukutheleleka kwefungal, njenge-anthracnose, kudinga ukwelashwa kwe-fungicide yehlathi ngokushesha okukhulu. I-causative agent yalesi sifo, ukhunta, iqala emaqabungeni awile. Yingakho ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa amahlamvu kusayithi bese ulishisa... Lesi sifo uqobo sizibonakalisa maphakathi nehlobo, ngesimo samabala abomvu nsundu emaqabungeni. Uma lesi sifo singelapheki, "ukuqubuka" kuzobamba wonke amaqabunga, kugcine kuveze ihlathi, kuthelele nezitshalo ezingomakhelwane.
Njengezinyathelo zokuvikela izinambuzane nezifo, okulandelayo kuyasebenza kakhulu:
- ukucubungula ama-currants nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwayo izixazululo ezi-2% ze-nitrophene noma i-karbofos entwasahlobo. Ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela;
- ukufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sasehlobo sezihlahla ezinezisekelo.
Imvamisa i-currant yoma nje ngoba isihlahla sidala. Kulokhu, noma ngabe udinga ukuyivuselela ngokuthena, noma ukumba, bese kuthi, ngemuva kokukhipha amagciwane futhi uvundise inhlabathi, utshale entsha.
Akunzima kangako ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-currants athela izithelo kahle, awalimazi noma omile. Kwanele nje ukuhambisana nemibandela ethile:
- kahle khetha indawo yamahlathihhayi omile kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kwamanzi amile;
- ahlinzeke ngokunisela isomiso;
- susa amaqabunga afile;
- prophylactically cubungula izitshalo;
- ngokucophelela ukuqapha umbuso izihlahla.
Ngokulandela le mithetho elula, Ama-currants ngokuqinisekile azothokozisa unyaka nonyaka ngamajikijolo amakhulu, anamanzi, amnandi futhi anempilo kakhulu.