Imvamisa lokhu kukhulu, ngezindinganiso zethu, isihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha angama-25 inobudlelwano obungaqondile ngqo neGrisi: izithelo zilethwe zivela eningizimu, futhi "iGrisi inayo yonke into". Impela, iyakhula lapho, izinhlobo zasendle zalesi sihlahla zivamile eYurophu.
Isihlahla sibukeka sihlaba umxhwele. Amantongomane akhula ngokwahlukana awahluki nje kuphela ngobude - umqhele wawo nawo ufinyelela kububanzi obungamamitha angama-20.
Ngokwezindinganiso zaseYurophu, unesibindi eside (okwesibili ngemuva kwe-oki) - Izibonelo zezihlahla ezineminyaka engama-300-400 ubudala zivame ukutholakala.
Ukukhula kwesihlahla kuqala ngokwakhiwa kwe-taproot enamandla, efinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ukujula ngonyaka wesi-5 namamitha ayi-3.5 eneminyaka engama-20.
Ama-Horizontal awakhuli ngokushesha - akhiwa ngemuva kwepivot, etholakala engxenyeni engaphezulu yenhlabathi ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-20-50.
Isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi yokuphila, futhi kusukela eminyakeni engama-30 kuya kwengu-40 ubudala, kufika isikhathi sokuthela ngokugcwele.
Uma izihlahla zikhula ngamaqembu, zifakelana kancane, azivamisile ukukhiqiza ngaphezu kwesisindo esingu-30 kg, kuyilapho umuthi okhula ngokukhululeka ungakhipha ama-400 kg wamantongomane.
Kepha izimo ezinjalo azivamile, isihlahla esineminyaka engu-150-170 kuphela esikwazi ukuvuna okunjalo. Imvamisa umuthi omdala oneminyaka engu-25-40 ubudala eMoldova unikeza izithelo eziyi-1500-2000 noma u-2000-2500 eCrimea.
Isifunda saseMoscow, indawo emaphakathi yeRussia - lapho ungatshala khona futhi utshale ama-walnuts
Zitholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu ukusuka emagqumeni eCaucasus kuya eSt, lapho amantongomane asenyakatho kakhulu eRussia ekhula khona. Kepha lawa ngamacala angawodwa, okuhlukile okuqinisekisa umthetho kuphela.
Lezi zihlahla azibandi ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi azikhuli ngamandla aphelele.
Isici esiyinhloko esinquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi sikhule lesi sihlahla esiseningizimu akuwona neze amazinga okushisa ebusika e-subzero. Kucatshangelwa inani lamazinga okushisa ansuku zonke angaphezulu kwamadigri ayi-10. Ngeke ibe ngaphansi kuka-190 C.
Uma ebusika izinga lokushisa lingehli ngaphansi kuka -36 degrees futhi izinsuku ezingama-130-140 ngonyaka izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-0 C, i-walnut ingakhula futhi ithele izithelo.
Ubulukhuni obuhle kakhulu basebusika baboniswa yizinhlamvu zamaManchurian ezinama-walnuts.
Lapho utshala ngisho nezinto ezinhle kakhulu zembewu ezivela eningizimu, ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu esibandayo akwenzeki - izihlahla ezinjalo ziba yiqhwa njalo futhi azitheli izithelo.
Ayifanele ngokuphelele izinhlobo ezikhulayo ezivela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele (entshonalanga naseningizimu ye-Ukraine, ugu loLwandle Olumnyama lwaseCaucasus).
Amantongomane kuphela avela empumalanga ye-Ukraine, izintaba ze-Asia Ephakathi noma iCaucasus ezivumelanisa ngempumelelo nezimo ezintsha zaphakathi neRussia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukutshala inathi ethanjeni ngokwakho - isithombo esingenisiwe (ngisho sivela ezifundeni ezibonisiwe) sizoba sincane kakhulu ekukhuthazeleni nasekuzivumelaneni nezimo ezimweni ezintsha.
Ungasitshala kanjani futhi nini isihlahla kusuka esitsheni: izimo
Kumele itshalwe ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo.... Akunangqondo ukufakelwa isihlahla esineminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunquma ukubheka zonke izici futhi ubale imiphumela.
Isihlahla esinamandla siyakwazi ukwakha umthunzi ominyene endaweni engaba yikhulu lama-sq. M. Kuzofanele ususe le ndawo ekusakazeni - ngaphansi kukadoli, kuncane okungathela izithelo (umphumela onamandla wokucindezela i-biofield yesihlahla esikhulu uyathinta).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le ndawo ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlomisa indawo yokuzilibazisa ehlobo - uwoyela obalulekile we-walnut ugcine izimpukane nomiyane kude.
Sikhetha indawo yokutshala emaphethelweni engadiukuze ungathusi ezinye izihlahla. Amantongomane awathobeki kakhulu emhlabathini, yize ethanda inhlabathi engamatshe anesihlabathi.
Umgodi wokutshala umbiwe ukuze ngaphansi kwezimpande kube ungqimba lwamatshe okungenani amasentimitha angama-25.
Phansi komgodi wokutshala kumele ugcwaliswe uhhafu ngemfucuza yokwakha (izitini eziphukile, izingcezu zikasimende, itshe elichotshoziwe) - le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesihlahla ngamasonto ayi-1-2 (amatshe afudumala kancane kancane, inathi iqala ukukhula kancane kamuva, yeqa isikhathi seqhwa).
Uhafu webhakede lomlotha, umquba noma i-humus wethulwa emgodini... Umhlabathi akufanele uvunde kakhulu, inadi izokhula kakhulu futhi ngeke ibe nesikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika.
Isithombo sokutshala kumele sithathwe kuphela kumthengisi othembekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke uthole lutho ngaphandle kwamagatsha aqhwalekile esihlahla saseningizimu, mhlawumbe ngeke ulinde isivuno.
Isihlahla se-walnut sitshalwa entwasahlobo kuphela; singena enkathini elele kakhulu kusenesikhathi futhi asinaso isikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kobusika.
Kukholakala ukuthi inadi etshalwe ngesandla sayo ithambo izokhula ibe yisihlahla esivumelaniswe nezimo ezintsha, esizokhula ngempumelelo.
Imbewu itshalwe ekwindla iqonde ngqo emhlabathini ngokujula okungu-7-10 cm... Kungcono ukubeka enhlabathini eceleni eceleni komthungo. Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kudinga izinyanga ezi-2-3 zokuhlukaniswa ngesihlabathi esimanzi.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezithombo akudingeki - emgqeni ophakathi nendawo le nati ayinazo izinambuzane.
Ungasitshala kanjani isithombo samantongomane sonyaka:
Ukunakekelwa kwangemva kokutshala: entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla
Unakekela kanjani? Ama-Walnuts angadinga ukuchelela kuphela entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo.lapho kukhona ukukhula okunamandla kwesisindo esiluhlaza. Imvamisa, ukutholakala kwenhlabathi yomswakama wasebusika kwanele esihlahleni.
Izihlahla ezincane kuphela ezineminyaka engama-5-7 ubudala ziyaniselwa, uma zomile ngokuphelele.
Izimpande zomgogodla wesihlahla esiseningizimu ziyashintshwa ukuthola amanzi ezindaweni eziphansi. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi ubudala, kufanele ukhohlwe ngokunisela i-walnut.
Kuyena, umswakama owedlulele usongela ukukhula ngamandla, ukulimaza ukuvuthwa nokulungiswa kwezinkuni ebusika. Ukubanda ngemuva kwehlobo elimanzi kuqinisekisiwe.
Ngaphezu kokumisa ukuchelela, udinga ukunakekela ukulungiselela uhlelo lwempande ebusika. Ngakho-ke, Iziqu zemithi kufanele zigcotshwe nganoma iyiphi into ephilayo noma umquba:
- ehlobo - ukugcina umswakama;
- ekwindla - ukuvikela inhlabathi engaphezulu emakhazeni.
Ezindaweni ezibandayo ikakhulukazi, inhlabathi igcwele ungqimba okungenani lwama-10 cm, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezineqhwa elincane.
Kuyasiza ukumboza isiqu size sifinyelele ebangeni elingaba ngu-1 m ngamagatsha esihlahla sonwele noma sigoqe ngamaphephandaba ngezingqimba eziningana (ngemuva kweqhwa lokuqala). Lokhu kuzokusiza usinde -40 degrees nangaphansi.
Indawo yokuhlala enjalo iyadingeka kuphela eminyakeni yokuqala. - izinkuni kufanele ziqiniswe ngokwemvelo.
Ungayinakekela kanjani inqubo yokulima: ngaphambi kokuvuthwa nangemva kwalokho
Njengazo zonke izithelo zezithelo, ama-walnuts adinga ukondliwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Entwasahlobo kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-nitrogen, engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo - umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus kuphela, obhekene nokulungiselela isihlahla ebusika nokubeka iziqu zezithelo zokuvuna okulandelayo.
Enhlabathini elinyiwe, awukwazi ukondla i-nitrogen nhlobo, bese ufaka umanyolo we-phosphorus kanye ne-potash (ngokwesithako esisebenzayo) ngo-10 g / m2.
Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi umthetho usebenza kuwo wonke amacala lapho inathi ingakhuli ematsheni nasobumbeni olusobala.
Okujabulisa kakhulu - emzileni ophakathi nendawo, i-walnut ayinazo izitha zemvelo... Sekuvele kuthiwa izimpukane nomiyane ziyizungeza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhambi elisebenza kakhulu elimelene nezintwala kanye namacimbi ahlukahlukene lingalungiswa kusuka emaqabeni e-walnut, asetshenziswa ngempumelelo e-Ukraine.
Siyeluleka: ama-2 kg amaqabunga ebhakedeni ngalinye lamanzi - qinisa kuze kube yilapho isisombululo simnyama, noma ubilisa. Ungasebenzisa futhi amaqabunga omile ngonyaka odlule.
Ikhambi lasekhaya alinabungozi kubantu ikuvumela ukuthi ucubungule izihlahla nezihlahlana ezinezithelo namajikijolo amaqanda.
Hlanganisa
Ngeshwa, ama-walnut cuttings awathathi izimpande - ukusakazeka kwenzeka kuphela ngembewu.
Ukugoma kwenziwa ezimweni lapho:
- kukhona isithombo mhlawumbe sasebusika esiqinile esiqinile seManchurian, lapho -40 ebusika akuyona inkinga;
- izinhlobonhlobo ezihlwanyelwe azizange zifeze okulindelwe - kube nethuba lokuphinde liwuxhume.
Izithombo zonyaka zixhunyelelwa ekuhlukaniseni futhi zikhule ngaphansi kokulawulwa ku-greenhouse kuya kwisethulo.
Izihlahla ezincane esezikhiqizile amantongomane ambalwa okuqala ingahlanganiswa kabusha njenge- "budding with an eye" - kukhishwa kuphela amagxolo ngamahlumela ngendlela yesigamu-tube (indlela ibizwa kanjalo) futhi ihlanganiswe nokusikwa okufanayo esiqwini sempande.
Kuze kube ukuphulukiswa okuphelele, indawo yokugoma iboshelwe nefilimu.
Umphumela wokuxhunyelelwa esihlahleni sama-walnut esidala:
Ukukhiqiza kabusha ezweni
Indlela eyinhloko yokuthola izithombo ikhula kusuka embewini... Ukwenza inqubo ibe lula, amantongomane atshalwa ekwindla ekujuleni okungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa okwengeziwe. Kukholakala ukuthi kungcono ukuyibeka eceleni eceleni komthungo.
Labo ababengenaso isikhathi sokubangcwaba ebusika, bawafaka esihlabathini esimanzi egumbini elingaphansi - umuthi kufanele udlule ku-stratification, uma kungenjalo ngeke uchanyuselwe.
I-Walnut ivuselelwa ngamahlumela womoya ngonyaka noma emibili nje. Lezi zihlahla ziyakwazi ukuthela izithelo ngokoqobo ngonyaka wesibili, futhi ngo-10 - sekuvele isivuno esikhulu.
Kuvela ukuthi ama-walnuts angatshalwa ngempumelelo futhi akhule endlini yezwe emzileni ophakathi nendawo, esifundeni saseMoscow. Kwanele ukulandela nje imithetho elula:
- ukukhetha okulungile kwendawo;
- isithombo - siklanywe kuphela;
- ukubopha okuphoqelekile kombuthano wesiqu;
- yokukhosela isiqu eqhweni eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila.
Konke lokhu kungaphansi kwamandla wabalimi abaningi.... Khetha indawo enelanga evikelekile emimoyeni ebandayo - i-walnut izokubonga.