Ukusakazwa kwe-Blueberry kuyindlela enhle yokugcwalisa ukuqoqwa kwamajikijolo engadini noma ukuvuselela isitshalo esiguga. Lapho kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukwandisa isibalo sezihlahla, kodwa futhi nokwandisa ukulondolozwa kwezici zofuzo... Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngokuzaliswa kwemifino, okumele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi esifanele.
Izindlela zokuzalela ama-blueberries engadini nesikhathi
Izindlela zokuzalela ama-Blueberry zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu. Kuthinta ezocansi, okwenziwa yizinhlamvu nezitshalo - ngezingxenye zesitshalo. Ukusakazwa kwembewu ekhaya - Umsebenzi onzima, ofaka ukwenqatshwa kokungasetshenziswa nokukhethwa kwezithombo ezethembisayo. Lokhu kungathatha iminyaka eminingana. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela yenziwa kuphela ngezinhloso zokuzalisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlobo ezintsha.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha ezi-Vegetative (asexual) gcina izici ezahlukahlukene zama-blueberries. Inketho ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, ngakho-ke abalimi bakhetha indlela efaneleke kakhulu yecala ngalinye.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-blueberries engadini ngama-cuttings kwenzeka ngenxa yenqubo yokuvuselela, lapho kwakhiwa khona izimpande ezintsha ezivela ezicutshini zesiqu. Ukukhula kweShoot kwenzeka kusuka efihlekile etholakalayo.
Lapho ukhetha indlela yokusika okuluhlaza, kunakwa kuze kube seminyakeni yamahlumela amajingijolo. Lapho ihlumela liba namandla, izinqubo ze-metabolic, okuqukethwe kwamanzi kanye namandla okugcina amanzi kwezicubu kuyehla, okuyizimo ezibalulekile zokwakheka kwezimpande ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokutshala ezivela emahlumela aluhlaza zikhula ngokushesha, zinikeza iphesenti elikhulu lokusinda kwesitshalo ngemuva kokuhluma.
Izithombo ezivela ezingxenyeni ezithile zama-blueberries zinama-degree ahlukene wokuqothula. Izisiki ezivela kumahlumela we-coppice zinekhono eliphezulu kakhulu lokwakha izimpande... Izimpande zama-coppice zakhiwa kusuka efihlekile, ebonakala ngokunyuka komzimba, okusheshisa ukwakheka kwamaseli amasha. Lokhu kwandisa ukwakheka kwezimpande izikhathi eziyi-3-4 kunalezo ezisikiwe ezithathwe endaweni yezithelo. Izinto zokutshala zivunwa ekupheleni kukaJuni, ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
AmaBlueberries nawo angasatshalaliswa ngokusikwa okunesisekelo... Izinto zokutshala zingagcinwa isikhathi esithile ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Ngakho-ke, ama-lignified cuttings avame ukuvunwa ukuhanjiswa emabangeni amade noma ngokutshala isizini elandelayo.
Asikho isikhathi esithile sokuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle yokusika ama-cuttings. Imibono yabaningi bezazi zezolimo namahlathi ihlukaniswe ngaleli phuzu. Isimo esikhulu sokuthengwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokutshala ukudubula okunempilo nokufihla okulele. Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, kunconywa ukuvuna ama-cuttings ekuqaleni kobusika, futhi kwezinye izifunda kuvunyelwe kusuka ngoDisemba kuya ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaMashi.
Izithombo ze-Blueberry zingatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukusika... Ingqikithi yale ndlela ukugxilisa isiqu ngaphandle kokusihlukanisa nesitshalo esingumama. Le ngenye yezindlela zemvelo zokusabalalisa izitshalo, ubuchwepheshe obutholakala kunoma yimuphi umlimi wensimu. Ukungahambi kahle kwalolu hlobo lokukhiqiza ubude benqubo. Ukusika izimpande kungathatha iminyaka engu-2-3... Isikhathi esihle sale ndlela siphakathi nesikhathi sokukhula kwe-blueberry, ngakho-ke siqala maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba.
Ama-blueberries ngesinye sezitshalo zamajikijolo ezinzima kakhulu ukuzala. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zebhayoloji zezitshalo - ikhono eliphansi lokwakha izimpande. Imiphumela emihle yehlukaniswa ngezindlela zokusabalalisa ngama-cuttings.
Ukusabalalisa ngokusika
Izindlela zokuvuna, ukhula lwenhlamvu zokusika okuluhlaza okotshani nezine-lignified zinokwehluka nokufana.... Kungakhathaleki okokuhlwanyela, umlimi wensimu kufanele enze inqubo ngokungaphazanyiswa okuncane kuzici zebhayoloji zesitshalo.
Ukuvuna ukusikwa okuluhlaza
Ngale ndlela yokuzala kabusha, ukuhambisana nesikhathi esifanele kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi yisikhathi kusuka ngoJuni 20 kuya kuJulayi 10.
Izicucu ezivela emahlumela angavuthiwe ngokuvamile zivame ukoma, zithinteka izifo nezinhlamvu zefungal. Amaqabunga ezinqunyiwe ezinjalo athuthukile futhi awakwazi ukunikeza isiqu izakhi ezanele. Ngokuvunwa kamuva kwezisiki, izakhi zomzimba zingena ezindaweni zokukhula, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwazo, kuthinta ukwakheka kwezimpande.
Amahlumela alungele ukuxhunyelelwa anesiqu esiphundu, esingenakwephuka kanye namaqabunga aluhlaza okomnyama. Ngokusika ama-cuttings, kukhethwa amahlumela aqinile we-oda lokuqala neliphezulu lamagatsha anokuphakama okungu-6-12 cm... Zephulwe ngesandla ngocezu lwokhuni nangegxolo kusuka ekukhuleni konyaka odlule (isithende).
Ukusika ukulungiselela:
- ukucutshungulwa kwengxenye engezansi yokusika (ukususwa kwegxolo elikhishwe kakhulu);
- ukususwa kwamaqabunga angama-2-3 aphansi (1/3 ubude);
- ukusika amaqabunga asele ngo-1/3;
- ukwelashwa kwama-cuttings ngezikhuthazi zokukhula
I-cuttings itshalwe emgodini olungiselelwe ezimweni zokushisa okushisa.
Ukuvuna ukusika okunesithunzi
Okokuvuna ukusika, kukhethwa amahlumela avuthwe ngokuphelele ngonyaka futhi angalimazi yiqhwa ukwakheka noma ukushintshwa ngobubanzi obungu-0.5-1.2 cm.Ukusikwa kwempande enobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu, futhi okuncane kunika izitshalo ezibuthakathaka. Amahlumela anenani elikhulu lamahlumela ezimbali awakulungele ukukhiqizwa futhi ukususwa kwawo akunikezi nemiphumela emihle.
Amagatsha anqunywe ebusika agcinwa emabhokisini agcwele i-peat noma i-sawdust nezimbobo ze-aeration. Amabhokisi abekwe egumbini elimnyama, elinomoya ongcono ekushiseni komoya okungu-0 ° С- + 5 ° С... Ama-cuttings anqunywa ekupheleni kukaMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Izingxenye ezingezansi zamagatsha zihlukaniswa yikhono elihle kakhulu lokwakha izimpande.
Ukusika ukusika kwenziwa nge-pruner ebukhali, ukugwema ukubhoboza nokulimaza amagxolo.
Izigaba zokusika:
- isibambo ubude 10-12 cm;
- ukusika okuphansi kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezinso ngomthambeka omncane;
- ukusika okuphezulu 0.5 cm-1 cm ngenhla kwezinso;
- isiqu siphathwa ngezikhuthazi zokukhula.
Uma kukhona okuncane kokutshala, kuvunyelwe ukusika ukusikwa kobukhulu obuncane, kepha ngesimo sokuhluma okungenani oku-3 kwemifino.
Ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele ukusika, ukutshala nokunakekela
Izithelo ze-blueberry eziluhlaza nezine-lignified zisuselwa ezinqoleni noma emabhokisini, kubenzele izimo zokushisa okushisa kakhulu. Indawo yokuqothula ingaba yinoma yisiphi isayizi esikahle, kepha ngobude okungenani obungu-15-20 cm... Ummango ubekwa kungqimba lwenhlabathi ekhonjiwe, ubumba olwandisiwe noma isihlabathi esimahhadlahhadla. Njengegumbi, ungakhetha ukushisa okushisayo noma uhlomise amafreyimu asuswayo ngengilazi (i-polyethylene) ngaphezulu kokhalo.
I-substrate enhle kunazo zonke yokuthuthukiswa kwama-cuttings iyinhlanganisela ye-peor-peor peat enesihlabathi somfula (1: 1). Ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kokutshala ama-cuttings, i-substrate ihlungiwe futhi ichitheke ngamanzi afudumele. Ummango olungiselelwe umbozwe ngopulasitiki wokugcwalisa ipeat ngamanzi.
Izithelo ezinesithunzi zitshalwa ngokohlelo lwe-5x3, kuthi eziluhlaza ngokuya ngohlelo lwe-5x5, kushiye ama-1-2 efihlekile ebusweni be-substrate... Sonke isikhathi sokuqothula izimpande sigcinwa ezingeni lokushisa + 20 ° С- + 25 ° С. nomswakama omncane we-substrate.
Izimpande ze-cuttings ziqala ukwakhiwa ngemuva kwamasonto amane. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo ziqala ukuzijwayeza kancane kancane umoya owomile, ngezikhathi ezithile zisuse ifilimu nengilazi. Izinyanga ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala, izingilazi noma izindawo zokukhosela ifilimu zisuswa ngokuphelele futhi zondliwe nge-ammonium sulfate (10 g / m2).
Izitshalo ezincane zishiywa ebusika endaweni yokuhluma izimpande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ahlanganiswe nengqimba ka-5 cm we-peat, sawdust noma amaqabunga awile. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokufudumeza umhlabathi, afakwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ngisho nokuvunwa okufanele kwezisiki nokuhlinzeka ngezimo ezidingekayo, amazinga okuqothula ama-blueberries agcinwa ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lama-25-35%. Lezi zinkomba zingakhuphuka izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngosizo lokunakekelwa okukhethekile - ukwelashwa kwezisiki amahora ayi-12-24 ngesilawuli sokukhula - isisombululo esinamandla se-indole-butyric acid (50 g / 1 l).
Ukukhiqiza ngokubeka
Futhi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ama-blueberries angasakazeka ngokubeka. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa izihlahla ezincane ezinamahlumela ambalwa okusakazwa noma izinhlobo ezingamila kahle ngesikhathi sokusabalalisa.
Ngaphambi kwalokho, isiyingi sesiqu esingaphansi kwesitshalo sikamama siyadedelwa. Thatha amahlumela aqinile futhi anempilo. Ngokuphikisana namagatsha akhethiwe kusuka phansi kwesihlahla, umsele wakhiwa ngobude obungu-6-8 cm nobude obulingana nobude bamahlumela... Fafaza ngamanzi.
Ukukhula kwamagatsha minyaka yonke kufinyezwa nge-1/5 bese kufakwa emseleni. Ingxenye ngayinye yegatsha enamahlumela amabili athuthukile iqondiswa enhlabathini kusetshenziswa izingwegwe zocingo. Umsele umbozwe ngesaha.
Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela amile afike ekuphakameni kuka-8-10 cm, adinga ukwenziwa kuze kube uhhafu wokuphakama... Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ingxube ye-peat ne-sawdust (1: 1). Le nqubo iphindaphindwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 njengoba amahlumela ekhula futhi. Kulo lonke ihlobo, inhlabathi igcinwa inomswakama futhi ivulekile. Amahlumela akhule kulo nyaka okhona azokwakha uhlelo olugcwele lwezimpande eminyakeni engu-2-3, ngemuva kwalokho atshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
I-Blueberry isitshalo esisha kakhulu kulimi lwezolimo lwaseRussia, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obungaqondakali ngokuphelele ngabalimi. Izimfihlo zokutshalwa ngempumelelo zisekelwe ekukhetheni okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo ezivumelana kakhulu nezimo ezinzima zalesi sitshalo.... Ngokutshala izinhlobo ezifanele isifunda, ungagcina amasimu akho amajikijolo asekhaya iminyaka eminingi, uwasakaze ngendlela engafanele.