Ngeke wazi izinhlobo ezintsha zeklabishi elimhlophe - eziningi zazo zivele muva nje, ezindala, ezifakazelwe zidinga ukwaziwa. Izinhlobonhlobo zeNadezhda zilinywe isikhathi eside futhi ziphumelele ngabahlali basehlobo, abalimi namabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, izinhloko zeklabishi zosayizi ophelele, ukukhula, ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-microelements awusizo kuyatholakala.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo
Isitshalo saphakathi nonyaka, sivuthwa esikhathini esiyizinsuku eziyi-110-130 kusukela kuvele amahlumela. Ingatshalwa kuzo zonke izifunda zeRussian Federation ngaphandle kwesifunda esisenyakatho., okubandakanya izifunda zaseKarelia, iMurmansk ne-Arkhangelsk, iKomi Republic.
Inhloso iyindawo yonke:
- Ukukhetha.
- Amasaladi.
- Izitsha zokupheka eziphekwe ngokwelashwa kokushisa.
Izici eziyinhloko zokuhlukahluka:
- usayizi ojwayelekile wamakhanda eklabishi 3.5 kg.
- Isivuno esimenyezelwe sisuka ku-10 kg / m² kuye ku-14 kg / m². Isikimu sokufika 0.6 * 0.6 m.
- Amakhanda ayindilinga ayindilinga anombala oluhlaza okotshani anesiphunzi esifushane ngaphakathi nokumbozwa okuluhlaza ebusweni beqabunga elingaphandle.
Irosette iphakathi nendawo ngobubanzi - amasentimitha angama-70. Isakhiwo sekhanda siminyene, asijwayele ukuqhekeka. Ungakhulisa iklabishi leNadezhda ngokuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo emhlabathini noma ngezithombo. Izithombo zikulungele ukufakelwa kabusha eminyakeni engu-25-30 kusukela ekuhlumeni.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Ukucacelwa, zonke izinzuzo nezinkinga zokuhlukahluka kufingqiwe etafuleni.
Izinzuzo | yokuntula |
isivuno siphezulu ngokungaguquki | ingahlushwa yi-bacteriosis |
ukuthuthwa okuhle | eshaywe ikhenela |
isethulo, ukunambitheka okuhle | |
ayiqhekezi | |
impahla eluhlaza eluhlaza yokuvutshelwa | |
ukuthambekela okuphansi kokutheleleka | |
ukumelana nezimbali | |
ingatshalwa kunoma yisiphi isifunda | |
igcinwe okungenani izinyanga ezi-5 |
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ukuthola isivuno sosayizi omenyezelwe ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, imbewu yezithombo ihlwanyelwa ngo-Ephreli. Lungiselela amabhokisi esithombo ekwindla. Ukuze uwafakele uphethiloli, hlanganisa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo:
- isihlabathi;
- umhlanga;
- umhlaba ovela engadini.
Qiniseka ukuthi ubulala amagciwane enhlabathini olungiselelwe wedwa. Isixazululo esibomvana se-potassium permanganate sifanelekile. Hlwanyela imbewu yeklabishi ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-1.5 ukujula.Gcina amabhokisi ekukhanyeni futhi efudumele kuze kuhlume. Lapho imbewu ichanyuselwa, yehlisa izinga lokushisa (10-15 ° C) bese ulikhanyisa.
Ukukha kusiza ukuthola izithombo eziqinile - ukufaka izitshalo ezinamaqabunga ama-2-3 kumakhasethi ahlukene noma emabhokisini amakhulu.
Ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo kanye naku-polycarbonate, kulula ukugcina umbuso omuhle wokukhula kwezithombo.
Izimo zokukhula zalezi zinhlobonhlobo
Lapho ukhetha indawo, cabanga ngezinto eziningi ezithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokunambitheka, usayizi nokwakheka kwamakhanda. Ikhwalithi yesitshalo ithonywe:
- Ukukhanyisa.
- Ukujikeleza kwesitshalo.
- I-asidi.
- Ukuzala.
- Ikhwalithi yokulima kwenhlabathi.
Umthunzi, umthunzi oyingxenye awufaki. Imibhede kufanele ikhanyiswe yilanga usuku lonke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amakhanda eklabishi azobe evulekile, ama-nitrate amaningi azoqoqeka kuwo. Izithelo ezikhule emthunzini azigcinwa kahle. Ukuze ube nempilo yeklabishi, kubalulekile ukubona ukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Tshala emva kwamakhabe, umquba oluhlaza kanye nightshades.
Izinhlobonhlobo azithandi inhlabathi ene-asidi. Gcoba umhlabathi hhayi ngaphezu kokukodwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Phakathi nendawo, ukwehlisa izinga le-asidi, uletha umlotha, ushoki, ufulawa wedolomite wokumba.
Isivuno esimenyezelwe encazelweni sitholakala enhlabathini elinyiwe nenani elanele lama-humus. Ukuba khona kokhula kungashukumisa ukhiye ezitshalweni.
Ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi yokukhula iklabishi iNadezhda
Ukuze uthole amakhanda amaklabishi agcwele, udinga i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen kanye nezinto zokulandela ngomkhondo: ithusi, i-manganese, ithusi. Inhlabathi iyancipha eminyakeni edlule, kuyadingeka ukubuyisela ukuzala kwayo njalo emva kwenkathi yokuhlwanyela.
UNadezhda uphendula kahle endabeni ephilayo (umquba, i-humus, umquba) oxutshwe ne-peat. Noma imuphi umanyolo ophilayo unconywa ukuthi usetshenziswe ekwindla. Amaminerali (i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-nitrogen) asizakala ngokulinganayo uma efakwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Ungafaki i-nitrogen ngaphezu kwezinga elishiwo kumiyalo yokusetshenziswa. Ukweqisa kwayo kubangela ukuqoqwa kwama-nitrate emaqabungeni.
Ungayitshala kanjani kahle iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile
Izithombo zezinhlobo zeklabishi zaphakathi nesizini zitshalwa ngemuva kukaMeyi 15. Ngalesi sikhathi, unezimpande ezakheke kahle, ezinemicu namaqabunga amaningana. Izithombo zifinyelela kulokhu kuthuthukiswa emavikini amabili.
Ngezithombo, udinga ukulungisa izimbobo ngokuzibeka ebangeni elingu-0.6 m kusuka komunye nomunye. Abanye abalimi bakhetha ukutshala iklabishi emgodini ombiwe ukuze ujule ngama-25 cm.
Ngcwaba izithombo emaqabungeni afihliwe. Nisela inhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala kabusha okuningi kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi ibukeka kahle. Kutshalwe enhlabathini ethanjiswe kahle, izithombo azibuni futhi zikhule ngokushesha.
Izithombo zingafakwa isithunzi ngesonto ngamabhakede, amabhokisi, amabhokisi amakhadibhodi. Emthunzini, uhlushwa kancane ukushiswa yilanga. Lapho inhlabathi yaphezulu isomile, nisela izitshalo. Isikimu sokunisela esinconywayo senziwa kanye ezinsukwini ezintathu. Izinga lamanzi lingu-10 l / m².
Ukunakekelwa okuhlukahlukene ngemuva kokutshala
Ngemuva kokutshala, gcizelela i-mullein bese unisela isiqeshana seklabishi ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu (ilitha elilodwa ebhakedeni ngalinye). Nisela iklabishi kakhulu kusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti okungenani kanye ngesonto.
Ngenkathi, phakela iklabishi amahlandla ama-3 ngomanyolo wezimbiwa.
Khulula inhlabathi masonto onke. Ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avale isitshalo, sebenzisa amahlandla ama-2. Sebenzisa umlotha ukuvikela izifo nokunikela ngezimpande. Izinga lomlotha lothuli 1 sq. m. umhlabathi 250 g. Kwaphela amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna, yeka ukunisela.
Ishadi lokufaka umanyolo.
Isigaba | Umanyolo | Ubuningi (g / m2) |
Izinsuku eziyi-10 sezidlulile ukufika emhlabathini | i-urea, i-superphosphate, i-potassium chloride | 10:20: 20 |
amakhanda eklabishi aboshiwe | i-urea, i-superphosphate, i-potassium chloride | 10: 30: 15 |
Izinsuku eziyi-14 ngemuva kwe-2 | i-superphosphate, i-potassium chloride | 25: 15 |
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Ukutshalwa okungajwayelekile kweklabishi akuhlushwa izibungu. Umeshini omuhle owelulelwe phezu kokhalo uzosiza ukuvikela amaqabunga eklabishi ezinambuzaneni ezihlaselayo. Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa izidakamizwa zokubulala izinambuzane:
- I-Fitoverm.
- Inhlansi.
Ukuqoqwa okwenziwa ngamacimbi namanzi abandayo ohlelweni lwamapayipi kuyasiza. Amahlamvu angahlanzwa kusihlwa ngomfudlana wamanzi, inhlabathi engaphansi kwamakhanda eklabishi ingakhululeka ngemuva "kweshawa".
Ukuvikela izifo kanye nezilokazane, thula uthuli ngomlotha noma ngofulawa we-dolomite. Khululani izikhala. Susa amaqabunga alimele. Hola ukhula njalo.
Imithetho yokuvuna nokugcina
INadezhda, esinde emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-6 ° C, ayigcinwa kahle futhi ilahlekelwa ukuthengiseka kwayo. Ukwehla okuncane kwezinga lokushisa kusuka -2 ° C kuya -3 ° C kuvumelekile.
Iklabishi elihloselwe ukugcina ubusika kufanele lehliselwe egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba lapho kungena isithwathwa. Kuvunelwe ukuvutshelwa kungagcinwa emakamelweni abandayo... Ochwepheshe bokuvutshelwa bakholelwa ukuthi izinhloko zeklabishi zikulungele ukufakwa usawoti uma zifriziwe enhlabathini kuze kufike ku- -4 ° C.
Unganqikazi bese ukhetha izinhlobo zeklabishi zeNadezhda zokutshala. Ukunakekelwa okulula kuye kuzohlinzeka umndeni ngamakhanda eklabishi wokuvutshelwa nokugcinwa ebusika.