Abalimi abaningi be-amateur bahlobanisa ukuhluma okungalungile nekhwalithi yembewu. Ngempela, lesi sici singathinta ukuhluma kwembewu, kepha imvamisa inkinga ilele ekulungiseleleni nasekuhlwanyeleni okungafanele. Ukuhlwanyela ikhabe noma imbewu yamakhabe akunzima, into esemqoka ukulandela imithetho. Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukucwilisa kahle imbewu ekhaya ukuze iqale ukuhluma kahle.
Ingabe kunzima ukuhlwanyela imbewu yamakhabe ukuze utshale?
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu akuyona inqubo enzima futhi edla isikhathi. Kuthatha kuphela namathela kubuchwepheshe futhi uhambisane nemibandela ethile ekhuthaza ukuhluma ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusuka ezimbewini ezincane, izithombo eziqinile ziyakhula, zimelane nokumangala kwesimo sezulu.
Ungayihlwanyela kanjani imbewu yamakhabe
Okokuqala, imbewu kufanele ilungiswe. Le nqubo inezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- ukulinganisa - Ukuhlunga ngamaqembu ngosayizi wokuthuthukisa umfaniswano wamahlumela;
- ukunqanyulwa - ukususwa kwengxenye yekhala lembewu ku-emery yokwakhiwa kwamahlumela okusheshayo;
- ukufudumala - Ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kusheshisa izinqubo zamakhemikhali futhi kuvuselele ukukhula kwamahlumela (izinga lokushisa lamanzi - ama-degree angama-50, isikhathi sokubamba - imizuzu engama-30);
- ukubulala amagciwane - ukubhujiswa kwamagciwane ayingozi namagciwane.
Zonke izigaba, ngaphandle kwesibazi, ziphoqelekile.
Akunakwenzeka ukulimaza ngokulinganisela indawo yembewu ngenkathi kulinywa izimboni zamakhabe. Futhi ngamanani amancane, umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi kakhulu imbewu.
Kucatshangelwa isigaba sokugcina sokulungiselela ukufika ukumanzisa ukuhluma... Lesi silinganiso naso asihlali senziwa ngabalimi, kepha abanikazi abaningi beziza ezincane bayasisebenzisa.
Le nqubo ilula impela - udinga ukusonga imbewu ngendwangu emanzi bese ubamba izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kuvele amahlumela. Kubalulekile ukuthi okokusebenza kuhlale kumanzi njalo.
Izithombo zitshalwa ezitsheni, ekujuleni 12-14 cm, ububanzi besitsha 10-12 cm... Lezi kungaba izimbiza zezimbali ezijwayelekile. Inhlanganisela ye-humus-peat, elungiswe ngokulingana okulinganayo, noma i-substrate yezingxenye ezintathu ze-humus nengxenye eyodwa yenhlabathi yesoyi isetshenziswa njengenhlabathi.
Ikhabe thanda inhlabathi enomsoco, ngakho-ke, i-superphosphate (isipuni) noma umlotha wokhuni (izipuni ezimbili) nge-1 kg yenhlabathi kumele ingezwe kuleyo ngxube.
Izimbewu ezimbili zingcwatshwa ebhodweni elilodwa ngo-3 cm. Ngemuva kokuhluma, kuzosuswa ihlumela elilodwa (elibuthakathaka).
Lezi zimo ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezifanele ukuhluma kwembewu:
- izinga lokushisa kuze kube yilapho kuvela khona amahlumela afinyelela kuma-degree angama-30, ezinsukwini ezingama-2-4 ezilandelayo amadigri ehlela ku-18, ngemuva kokuzivumelanisa ebusuku isitshalo sigcinwa ngama-degree angu-18, emini - ngama-20-25 degrees;
- ukukhanyisa okuhle;
- ukupholisa okujwayelekile, kepha akukho okusalungiswa;
- njalo emavikini ama-2 ukudla okuhambisanayo (amanzi e-mullein, amanzi e-mullein + i-superphosphate + i-ammonium sulfate + i-potassium sulfate).
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunamathela kubuchwepheshe, amahlumela azovela Izinsuku ezingu-6-7 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela... Futhi ngemuva kwenyanga, izithombo zitshalwa emibhedeni.
Ukulungiswa okufanele, ukuhluma nokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-zucchini yezithombo
Ukuthola izithombo ezithuthukiswe ngokulinganayo, kunconywa ukuthi kuhlume imbewu ezimweni zokushisa okushisayo noma ekhaya efasiteleni ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile. Udinga ukuqala umsebenzi ngokukhetha okokusebenza kwembewu, ususe yonke imbewu eyonakele nekhubazekile.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokulungisa imbewu, enye yazo ifaka phakathi ukufudumala... Lokhu kungenziwa ngamanzi ashisayo (ama-50-55 degrees) kanye ne-thermos. Ngamahora amane, imbewu ivezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Enye indlela ukufudumeza impahla elangeni eliqondile izinsuku ezingama-6-7... Ukucubungula okunjalo kusheshisa izinqubo zamakhemikhali, okusho ukuthi ukuhluma kuzofika ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile.
Uma uhlela ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke indaba kufanele iqine. Ngenxa yalokhu, imbewu ibekwa eshalofini elingezansi lesiqandisisi izinsuku ezimbili. Ungasebenzisa futhi indlela yokuchayeka kokuqhathanisa: gcina i-zucchini amahora ayi-10 ekamelweni lokushisa ngama-20-22 degrees, amahora ayi-16 esiqandisini emnyango.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukuhlola imbewu yokuhluma izinyanga ezingu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Lokhu kuzokonga isikhathi futhi kwenze kube nokwenzeka ukufaka esikhundleni sezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi nabanye.
Ukutshala i-zucchini yezithombo kwenziwa ngamabhodwe noma izinkomishi ngaphandle kwaphansi. Kwenze kangcono ngo-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi... Isikhunta esilungisiwe (10x10 cm) sigcwaliswa nge-substrate ye-peat, i-humus, i-sawdust ngobukhulu be-5: 4: 1. 5 g we-ammonium nitrate nezipuni eziyi-2-3 zomlotha wokhuni kunezelwa ebhakedeni lenhlanganisela.
Izimo ezinhle zokukhulisa izithombo zomnkantsha:
- umbuso wokushisa ngaphambi kokuhluma - ama-18-25 degrees, ngemuva kwama-degree ayi-12-14 ebusuku, ama-degree ayi-16-20 emini;
- ngaphambi kokwehla izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kobusuku nobusuku lokushisa khulisa ngama-degree ama-2-4; v
- nisela izimbiza kanye ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngamanzi afudumele (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-25 °), ngaphambi kokutshala, amanzi izinsuku ezimbili ngamanzi angaphansi kuka-30 °;
- ukwethula ukudla okuhambisanayo kabili, owokuqala - isonto ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela (1 litre lamanzi 0.5 isipuni se-urea), owesibili - isonto ngemuva kokukhulelwa kokuqala (ilitha elilodwa lamanzi 1 ithisipuni le-nitrophosphate).
Uma ubuchwepheshe bulandelwa, kuvela amahlumela okuqala ezimbizeni Izinsuku ze-4-5 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela... Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zitshalwa kabusha ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamashidi agcwele ama-2-3.
Ukuziba umbuso wokushisa lapho izithombo ezikhulayo ziholela ekuchotshozweni kwazo, kubhebhethekisa izinga lokusinda ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini, futhi kunciphise isivuno.
Ungayihlumisa kanjani imbewu yamathanga ekhaya
Ukulungiswa kwembewu yamathanga ukuhluma kuqala ngokulinganisa. Kukhethwa kuphela izibonelo ezinkulu ezinempilo kuzo zonke izinto zokutshala.
Ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwawo ibekwe ku-thermos ngamanzi ashisayo (50-55 degrees) amahora amabili. Ukugeza okunjalo kuvuselela zonke izinqubo zebhayoloji, ezandisa ukuhluma nesikhathi sokuthuthuka kwesibhamu.
Akuyona impoqo, kepha inqubo ebalulekile iyabhekwa ukuqina... Ngemuva kokugoqa imbewu ngendwangu emanzi, yishiye phansi kwesiqandisi (ekhabetheni lemifino) izinsuku eziyi-3-4. Ungasebenzisa futhi indlela yokuqina yokuqhathanisa: gcina okubhaliwe amahora ayi-10 ekamelweni lokushisa, amahora ayi-14 esiqandisini.
Izithombo ezikhulayo zikuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esisheshayo.
Inqubo yezobuchwepheshe ihlinzekela lezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- imbewu isongwe ngendwangu emanzi futhi uneminyaka engu-2-3 izinsuku ngaphambi kokuba ihlumela livele esikhwameni;
- imbewu ifakwa kuthebhulethi ye-peat futhi iswakanyiswe;
- ngoba iziqukathi, amabhokisi noma amabhodwe ezimbali ayi-10x10x10 cm asetshenziswa, kuthelwa kuwo inhlabathi ehlelwe ngokukhanya bese kufakwa i-peat tablet;
- izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokuvela - kuze kufike kuma-23 degrees emini, kuze kufike ku-14 degreesebusuku, ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, umbuso wehliswa ngamadigri ambalwa;
- ngemuva kwamaviki angu-1.5-2, izithombo zingabekwa egumbini elinokushisa okuzinzile kwama-22-24 degrees emini, ama-14-17 degrees ebusuku;
- nisela izimbiza kancane, kepha njalo (Kanye ngeviki);
- ngesonto ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, izithombo kufanele zondliwe ngama-nitrophos, ahlanjululwe ngamanzi (15 g nge-10 l).
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kuvela izithombo Izinsuku ze-4-5 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela... Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-3-4, izithombo zingathunyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile uma isimo sezulu sikhona.
Kuthiwani uma imbewu ingahlumi?
Ukuhluma kwembewu kufanele kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukwehla kubo ngezithombo noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Kwenzeka ukuthi abathengisi abangathembekile bathengise izinto ezindala noma ezisezingeni eliphansi, yingakho imbewu ihluma isikhathi eside.
Esinye sezizathu zokungabikho kokuvela kwehlumela emakhaleni wembewu ukuthi ukungagcini umbuso wokushisa nokunakekelwa... Ngakho-ke, izincomo kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokucophelela.
Uma imbewu ikhethwe ngokucophelela futhi idlula kuzo zonke izigaba zokulungiselela ukuhlwanyela, futhi ukuhluma kungenzeki, abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka ukufaka izakhamzimba ezincane emanzini ezikhuthaza ukukhula lapho zimanzi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, okokuqala udinga ukufudumeza okokusebenza, ukukubulala amagciwane, bese kuphela ukusihluza ngesixazululo ngokungezwa kukamanyolo jikelele. Kubandakanya: i-boron, ithusi, i-magnesium, i-iron, i-zinc, i-cobalt nezinye izinto eziningi eziwusizo ezitshalweni.
Amakhemikhali ahlanjululwa emanzini afudumele (ama-35-40 degrees), imbewu iyacwiliswa ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selupholile laya kuma-20-22 degrees. Akudingekile ukugeza okusanhlamvu ngemuva kwenqubo; kwanele ukumane umise ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo (ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi wokushisa akufakiwe).
Ezinye izindlela zokusheshisa inqubo yokuhluma kwembewu zifaka:
- ukucwilisa i-potassium permanganate, i-boric acid;
- ukuguga kusisombululo samanzi nomlotha wokhuni (1 litre 2 wezipuni);
- ukwelashwa ngokubunjwa okusekelwe ku-nitrophoska (1 ithisipuni yomanyolo nge-1 litre lamanzi);
- ukumanzisa neKalanchoe, ijusi le-aloe.
Ayasetshenziswa ukukhuthaza ukukhula nezidakamizwa zesimanje:
- I-potassium humate;
- IZircon;
- INovosil;
- I-Epin, i-Epin-eyengeziwe.
Imithetho yokuhluma imbewu ilula futhi iyaqondakala, kuhlala kuphela ukulandela zonke izincomo, bese kuqinisekiswa ukuhluma okuhle kwento yokutshala. Futhi lesi esinye sezihluthulelo eziyinhloko zokutshalwa ngempumelelo kwamakhabe nokuvuna okuhle.