Esinye sezimo eziyinhloko zokutshala izitshalo eziningi zemifino emhlabathini ovulekile ukukhanya okuhle. Iklabishi alinjalo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhanya kwelanga okukhulu kungasilimaza isitshalo, kuphumele ekushiseni emaqabungeni. Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - udinga ukuthola indawo ngokufiphaza ngokwengxenye.
Ngabe iklabishi lingatshalwa emthunzini?
Ukuqinisekisa izimo ezikhulayo ezijwayelekile, kunconywa ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezizokhula emthunzini. Isibonelo, iklabishi, iklabishi elimhlophe noma ukholifulawa, ngokungafani nommbila nesitshalo seqanda, uzizwa umuhle emthunzini ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezithelo uma kukhulunywa ngezifunda eziseningizimu. Futhi lesi sitshalo siphendula kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Izithombo zingena ebusweni bomhlabathi ngesikhombi se- + 3 ° С kuphela, noma kunjalo ukuthuthukiswa okuhle kwamahlumela kwenzeka ngo- + 20 ° С.... Kepha izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kuka- + 25 degrees lithinta kabi isivuno nekhwalithi yezithelo, amaqabunga aphansi ayawa, futhi izicubu zalawa aphezulu ziba minyene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umthunzi oyingxenye uthathwa njengesidingo ekushiseni okuphezulu okuzinzile. Ezimweni zezulu ezipholile, kuyadingeka ukutshala ezindaweni ezivulekele ukukhanya kwelanga; emthunzini, lesi sitshalo sichitha amandla amaningi ekukhuleni, okuzibonakalisa ngokuvimba okuncane kokukhula.
Ikuphi indawo engcono yokutshala?
Kungcono ukuhlela umbhede weklabishi endaweni lapho kutshalwe khona ukhukhamba, utamatisi, amazambane, u-anyanisi nemidumba ngesizini edlule. Futhi emva kwama-beet, i-turnips nama-radishes, akufanele utshale izithombo zeklabishi. Njengomakhelwane, uthanda imidumba (uphizi, ubhontshisi), utamatisi, ama-beet, u-anyanisi, u-garlic. Kunconywa ukuhlela imibhede kusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga, kuvunyelwe isithunzi esincane.
Umhlabathi kufanele uvunde, kepha ungabi sinyene, imiphumela emihle iyabonakala lapho kutshalwa imifino emhlabathini ovundile nobumba.
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu, izinsuku zokuhlwanyela
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo zeklabishi kukhulu impela, kepha kunezinhlobo ezivivinywe isikhathi ezihlukaniswa yizithelo ezinhle nokumelana nezimo zezulu ezingezinhle, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Abaholi abadumile yibo:
- Inkazimulo - isilinganiso sokuvuthwa okujwayelekile, isisindo sekhanda sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-4.5 kg, ububanzi bungaba ngu-25 cm, isivuno esivela ku-1 m2 sifinyelela ku-12 kg;
- Moscow sekwephuzile - isikhathi sokuvuthwa kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-150, isilinganiso sesisindo sesithelo esingu-7 kg, isivuno esivela ku-1 m2 kuze kufike ku-15 kg;
- Juni - ukuvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-90-120, isisindo sekhanda ngokwesilinganiso esingu-2.5 kg, isivuno singu-7 kg nge-1 m2;
- Yethula - amakhanda eklabishi avuthwe ezinsukwini eziyi-120-135, isisindo esijwayelekile senhloko sifinyelela ku-3.5 kg, isivuno esivela ku-1 m2 sifinyelela ku-10 kg;
- Amager - Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-140, isisindo esilinganiselwe senhloko ngu-3-3.5 kg, kusuka ku-1 m2 kuze kufike ku-7 kg wesitshalo kuyasuswa.
Vula imithetho yokutshala phansi
Ukutshala okulungile kubeka isivuno esizayo. Lapho wenza umsebenzi, kufanelekile ukucubungula izinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukhula lwesitshalo nokuthela.
Ukukhetha okulungile kwezithombo
Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, kukhethwa izithombo ezifinyelele ku-12-20 cm ukuphakama ngamaqabunga ama-5-7 akhiwe. Imvamisa, izithombo zifinyelela kule mingcele ekuqaleni kukaMeyi (izinhlobo zakuqala) uma zitshalwe ekupheleni kukaMashi. Akunzima ukukhula izithombo ngokwakho, into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka ngombuso wokushisa nokukhanya okuhle (okungenani amahora ayi-12-15 ngosuku).
Lapho uthenga izithombo zeklabishi, kufanele ukhethe amahlumela ngesistimu yezimpande ethuthukile.
Imifino ithanda muphi umhlabathi
Isiza sombhede wensimu sikhethiwe kucatshangelwa imithetho yokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo nokusondela kwezinye izitshalo. Amalungiselelo aqala ekwindla. Okokuqala, bahlanza ngokuphelele, basuse izinsalela zezitshalo emhlabathini, bese bethula umanyolo (okokusebenza okuphilayo noma amaminerali), futhi ngasikhathi sinye bemba umhlaba ngokujula okungenani i-bayonet yefosholo. Lapho nje iqhwa selincibilika, umbhede wesikhathi esizayo kufanele uvalwe ukuze umswakama ungaphumi ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, inhlabathi igcwala nge-rake (okuhlukumezayo).
Iklabishi alikhuli kahle enhlabathini ene-asidi, ngakho-ke udinga ukuhlola inhlabathi ngezinga le-asidi. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa iphepha le-litmus. Uma kunesidingo, inhlabathi incishisiwe ngofulawa we-dolomite noma i-lime echotshoziwe.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umbhede uyombiwa uphinde uphazanyiswe futhi.
Ukwehla, isikhathi, uhlelo namabanga
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zezithombo zinconywa ukuthi ziphathwe ngesikhulumi, esenziwe ngamanzi, ubumba kanye ne-mullein. Isendlalelo esiwumphumela phakathi kwesistimu yezimpande nenhlabathi sizovikela ekubolile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomthelela ekusindeni okusheshayo kwezithombo endaweni entsha.
Izimbobo ezijulile zilungiselelwe impande ngayinye. Kudingeka umgodi owengeziwe wokugcwalisa ingxube, efaka:
- 500 gr. i-humus (umquba);
- 1 tsp i-superphosphate (i-nitrophosphate);
- Ubuciko. umlotha wezinkuni.
Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe kahle nenhlabathi bese zithelwa emigodini elungisiwe, emva kwalokho ziyaniselwa ngamanzi. Izithombo zingcwatshwa emhlabathini ziye eqabungeni lokuqala leqiniso. Lapho utshala, izimpande kufanele zicindezelwe kahle nomhlaba ukuze kuthi ngemuva kokuchelela noma imvula, isitshalo singagezi siphume enhlabathini. Amabanga nokuhlelwa kwemigodi:
- izinhlobo zakuqala - 50-60 cm phakathi kwemigqa, 30-35 zilandelana;
- maphakathi nesizini nezinhlobonhlobo esezihambile - 60-70 cm phakathi kwemigqa, 50-60 cm zilandelana.
Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga isikhala esithe xaxa, njengeMoskovskaya Late 15, etshalwe ngephethini engu-70x70 cm.
Ngemuva kokutshala imibhede yeklabishi, kungakuhle ukuthi ukondle ngengxube ye-peat ne-humus noma enye yezinto (ungqimba lwesisindo 1-2 cm). Umsebenzi wenziwa kahle kusihlwa noma lapho lina liguqubele.
Izinhlobo ezikhula kuqala zitshalwa ngokuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda, emzileni ophakathi lokhu kungukuqala kukaMeyi, eningizimu - ekupheleni kukaMashi, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngemuva kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, kutshalwa izinhlobo ezafika sekwedlule isikhathi, bese kuthi lapho zithathelwa iklabishi laphakathi nesizini. Ukuvuthwa ngemuva kwesikhathi kuhlotshaniswa nokwakheka okude kwekhanda leklabishi, ngakho-ke, ekugcineni, lolu hlobo lwesithombo alunakushiywa.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokufika
Kusukela osukwini lokuqala ngemuva kokwehla, ungaqala ukubheka imibhede.
Ukunisela, ngaphandle kwalo akukho lutho oluzokhula
Iklabishi lifuna umswakama, ngakho-ke umbuso wokunisela kufanele ugcinwe ngokuqinile. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngezikhathi zezinsuku ezingu-4-6 kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu... Uma unisela izitshalo ekushiseni okushisayo, izithombo zizobuna emisebeni yelanga eshisayo. Ekushiseni okuphezulu okuzinzile, ukuchelela njalo kufanele kukhuliswe kuze kufike esikhathini esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3.
Ngemuva kokunisela, kunconywa ukukhulula inhlabathi ukuvimbela ukuminyana. Ngakho-ke izimpande zizobe zikhululekile ukuthuthuka. Kungcono ukugoqa ubuso bemibhede, ngakho-ke umswakama osemhlabathini uzohlala isikhathi eside, futhi ukukhula kokhula ngeke kube kukhulu. Isendlalelo se-peat mulch singama-5 cm.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngenxa yokuvuna
Lapho amaqabunga ezithombo ezifakiwe ekhula, inhlabathi ifakwa ngesisombululo se-ammonium nitrate (amagremu ayi-10 wezimali ebhakedeni ngalinye lamanzi). Esigabeni sokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga, okuphakelayo kwethulwa ekhanda leklabishi: 4 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. urea, 8 gr. i-potassium sulfate no-5 gr. i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili.
Ukhula nokhukulula
Phakathi nenkathi, kwenziwa ukhula okungaba ngu-3-44 kanye nenani elifanayo lokukhululwa. Kungcono ukuhlanganisa lo msebenzi uwenze ngemuva kokuchelela, lapho inhlabathi ithamba, futhi ingozi yokwephula ihlumela elincane yehliselwa ku-zero.
Ukuze ukhula lungazikhathazi ngobukhona babo, kunconywa ukuthi umboze imibhede ehlanziwe ungqimba lwe-peat noma i-humus.
Ukwelashwa
Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, imibhede ithuliswa ngomlotha wokhuni. Kuvimbela ukugcwala kwezifo nokuhlasela kwesitshalo esitshalweni. Umphumela wokucubungula uzokhula uma ungeza uthuli lukagwayi emlotheni.
Kwezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi ngokulinganayo, iklabishi lizogcinwa ngokufafaza izinqubo kusuka ekumungeni amakhoba anyanisi, iziqongo zikatamatisi, isisombululo esisuselwa kusepha wetiyela.
Amaphutha okufika
Akungabazeki ukuthi izifo nezinambuzane yizitha eziyinhloko zalesi sitshalo, kodwa amaphutha enziwa abalimi abangenalwazi lapho betshala iklabishi nawo angayithinta. Phakathi kokujwayelekile kukhona okulandelayo.
- Iklabishi lizoba sezingeni eliphansi (cishe alikho ikhanda leklabishi) uma litshalwe emthunzini, lapho kungekho khona nhlobo ilanga. Ukutshala eduze kwezitshalo ezinde kuvunyelwe kuphela nge-shading ngokwengxenye.
- Abalimi be-Novice baqala ukutshala enhlabathini engakulungele. Awungeke uthole isivuno esihle uma ungaqali ngokucebisa inhlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo namaminerali. Iklabishi liphendula kahle kakhulu kumanyolo ophilayo, owethulwa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwensimu nangokudla okujwayelekile.
- Yonke imbewu ayinakusetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela. Hlwanyela kuphela okuhleliwe futhi kusetshenzwe. Lokhu kuzokhulisa ukuhluma futhi kuqinise ukungatheleleki kwamahlumela amancane.
- Lapho bekhulisa izithombo, abanye abalimi basebenzisa izinkomishi ezincane. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukudala amanzi esitsheni esinjalo, futhi uhlelo lwempande luzokhula eduze. Ukuze uthole izithombo eziqinile, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-peat noma izimbiza zepulasitiki ezinomthamo okungenani wama-250 ml wezinhlamvu ezi-2-3.
- Imvamisa, lapho ufaka izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, kunesikhathi eside sokusinda endaweni entsha. Leli phutha kungenzeka libonisa usuku lokwehla olwephuliwe. Kuwufanele ukuqedela umsebenzi emasontweni ambalwa edlule, noma kamuva, amaqabunga esihlumela aqala ukubuna futhi abune. Isikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwesitshalo sibambezelekile, futhi ngaso kuthuthukiswa iklabishi.
Lapho uhlwanyela imbewu, naka ukujula kokucwiliswa kwawo emhlabathini. Lapho sihluma kusuka emiseleni ejulile, lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa wonke amandla aso, ngenxa yalokho okutholakala isithombo esibuthakathaka, esithanda izifo.
Ukutshala imifino esizeni sakho kungumsebenzi othokozisayo okunikeza ithuba lokuqongelela ulwazi lwakho. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uzame imithetho yokunakekelwa, ngaphandle kwalokho ungashiywa ungenaso isivuno.