Muva nje, asikaze sizwe lutho mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi zeBanana. Kepha umuntu omusha emakethe yensimu ngokushesha wathola ukuthandwa ngenxa yokuthi yayiklanyelwe ngqo umzila ophakathi nendawo. Lezi utamatisi zinikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu, zithela izithelo kahle ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemkhakheni ovulekile. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana zamatamatisi kabhanana ezaziwayo, ezahluka kakhulu kumbala wezithelo. Incazelo nezimpawu zalokhu kuhluka kunikezwe ngezansi.
Incazelo kanye nezici zezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi Banana
Utamatisi webhanana ongathobekile futhi olinywa kalula utholakala ezinhlotsheni ezintathu:
- okubomvu;
- ophuzi;
- obomvana.
Ngokumangazayo, okusatshalaliswe kakhulu yi-Banana ebomvu... Kungokwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala futhi kungakhipha isivuno ezinsukwini ezingama-95 ngemuva kokuhluma. Izihlahla azizinde, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ubude bazo bungadlula imitha elilodwa. Kuze kube nezithelo eziyishumi kunalokho ezinkulu ezakhiwe kuqoqo ngalinye.
Isici esivelele sezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi sibekezelela isomiso sesikhashana nokushisa kahle. Ukwehla okushisayo kwezinga lokushisa nakho akusabisi ngeBhanana. Abalimi balima ukuthi la utamatisi unokwandisa ukumelana nokulimaza okwenzeka sekwedlule isikhathi, nokungenye yezinga elihle.
Izithelo ziyindilinga, ziminyene, ziyinyama. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kokubili okusha nokuwafaka emathinini. Isisindo sesithelo esisodwa singahluka kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-100 amagremu... Ibekezelela ezokuthutha kahle, inekhwalithi yokugcina enhle kakhulu. Umbala wobhanana obomvu nophinki nophuzi ubumbene, muhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, utamatisi unesethulo esihle futhi ukulungele ukuhweba.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ngokutadisha ngokucophelela izici nokubuyekezwa, kuyacaca ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi zebhanana zinezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu kunokubi. Okokuqala, lokhu kufanele kufake:
- kuhle kakhulu ukuhluma kwembewu;
- kuhle ukubekezelelana kokufakelwa;
- ayidingi ukubopha;
- ngokuthula iqhakaza;
- izithelo zicishe zifane usayizi nokuma;
- ukusimama ezifweni ezinkulu nezimo zezulu.
Kepha kukhona nokubi okuthile. Axhumekile, okokuqala kunakho konke, nokunambitheka. Njengoba abalimi bezilimo bephawula, izinhlobo zebhanana zikamatamatisi zomile ngandlela thile, yingakho ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuyisicefe futhi kungaphinyiselwa. Kepha ngokulondolozwa kufanele kudunyiswe kakhulu.
Izidingo zenhlabathi zokutshala
Utamatisi kabhanana uthanda inhlabathi evulekile nenomsoco ukuze ikhule kahle. Ngezithombo, ungathenga ingxube yenhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo Ngotamatisi. Kepha inhlabathi oyilungiselele wedwa kumele ibulawe amagciwane ukuze kufe wonke amagciwane ezifo zefungal. Ngale njongo, inhlabathi elungisiwe ibalwa kuhhavini osuke usushisa kakade imizuzu engu-15.
Imithetho yokuhlwanyela
Imbewu katamatisi ihlwanyelwa ezimbizeni ze-peat noma kwezinye iziqukathi ezifanele le nhloso. Udinga ukuhlwanyela izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuhlelwe ukuthi izithombo zitshalwe endaweni yaphakade yokukhula.
Enhlabathini elungiselelwe, ukujula kwenzelwa amasentimitha ambalwa, akusekho. Uma ijule, imbewu izohluma isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa futhi isitsha simbozwe nge-polyethylene noma ingilazi. Lokhu kuzodala isimo sezulu esibamba ukushisa.
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, utamatisi kufanele unikezwe ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwesikhathi eside. Ukushisa kwegumbi kufanele kugcinwe kuma-degree angama-20-25. Ukunisela kwenziwa lapho umhlabathi womile.
Ukuhlwanyela kufanele kungene umoya ngezikhathi ezithile futhi umswakama omile akufanele uvunyelwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzoba khona ukulimala okukhulu kunokumisa.
Ukufakelwa kabusha utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Utamatisi utshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokuba usongo lwamaqhwa asebusuku seludlulile futhi izinga lokushisa ebusuku lilungiswe kahle ku-thermometer mark. Izitshalo zitshalwa kabusha ukuze kufakwe izihlahla ezi-4 kwimitha eli-1 lesikwele.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo engadini, kufanele kuqiniswe. Ngale njongo, amabhokisi akhishwa nsuku zonke amasonto ambalwa. Isikhathi sokuqala emoyeni ovulekile bashiywa ihora, bese kuthi kancane kancane bandise isikhathi basilethe osukwini olugcwele. Ngokufika, khetha indawo enelanga evikelekile emoyeni.
Ukunakekelwa okuhlukahlukene ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha
Ngemuva kokutshala engadini, utamatisi udinga ukunakekelwa okuthile. Ukuwafaka kufanele kwenziwe empandeni, uzama ukungamanzisi amaqabunga. Ukuvama kwayo kuxhomeke ngqo ekutheni inhlabathi yoma ngokushesha kanjani esizeni. Kungcono ukwenza le nqubo ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Kufanele uzame ukufaka umanyolo njalo emavikini ama-2.
Ukhula - futhi nesilinganiso esidingekayo sokunakekelwa kwamatamatisi kabhanana. Ukugwema izifo zefungal, inhlabathi iphathwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal.
Uma kuvela isidingo, izitshalo ezikhulile zingaboshwa. Kepha akunakudingeka ukuthi udonse isiqu ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuthela ngeke kufike.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Utamatisi kabhanana uyamelana nesifo se-blight sekwephuzile, kepha abalimi abezange banakekele ukumelana nezinye izifo zefungal. Yingakho inhlabathi engadini yetamatisi kufanele iphathwe ngama-fungicides.
I-Cladosporium yisifo esiyingozi. Uma izinyathelo zokuvimbela zingathathwa ngesikhathi, khona-ke isihlahla singafa ngokuphelele. Izindlela zokuzivikela eziyinhloko ukuhlinzeka imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kanye nokwelashwa kokuvikela ngamafungicides. Ingxube ye-Bordeaux iyisibulali magciwane esihle esingasiza ekulweni nezifo eziningi nezinambuzane esizeni.
Utamatisi ungathintwa izinambuzane ezifana ne-whitefly. Nguye obangela ukulimala okukhulu ezitshalweni. Ukulwa nalo, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-drug Commander noma i-Iskra.
Imithetho yokuvuna neyokugcina utamatisi
Ukuvunwa kwamatamatisi kabhanana kwenziwa lapho izithelo zivuthwa. Njengomthetho, ziyahambisana futhi cishe ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuqoqa inani elikhulu lesivuno, izithelo (ezinsundu (noma eziphuzi kancane, kuya ngohlobo lwazo) ziyakhishwa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zizokhula ngokuphelele elangeni. Ukunambitheka kuzofana ncamashi nokwetamatisi elivuthiwe esihlahleni. Ukuvuna kumiswa ngesikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa langaphandle lisethwe kuma- +5 degrees noma kuvela izinsongo zemvula ebandayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele uzame ukuqoqa zonke izithelo, bese ukhipha iziqongo.
Gcina utamatisi kabhanana emabhokisini okhuni. Zibekwa lapho ngemigqa, zikhetha izithelo ezingavuthiwe ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhokisi lithunyelwa endaweni epholile engahlali abantu. Impilo yeshalofu icishe ibe izinyanga ezimbalwa, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle isivuno singagcinwa izinyanga ezintathu.
Isiphetho
Utamatisi kabhanana ulungele ukukhula kulayini ophakathi nendawo. Abahlali basehlobo bamane nje bajabule ngalokhu kuhlukahluka futhi bayakujabulela ukukuncoma ukuthi ikhule kubo bonke abalimi. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi lezi utamatisi azikulungele kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwejusi yetamatisi, ekheniweni nasekusebenziseni okusha, ziphelele nje. Futhi akunzima ukutshala iBanana, ngoba isiko alinakuzithoba futhi limelana nezinambuzane nezifo.