Ukuze sikhule isivuno ocebile izaqathe kufanele ivikelwe ezifweni nasezinambuzane ezahlukahlukenengaphandle kwalokho izitshalo zingafa noma zikhiqize izithelo ezikhubazekile. Kulesi sibuyekezo, sizokhuluma ngezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zale mifino (isanqante fly, i-aphid, izimpukane zamaqabunga nokunye), izizathu zokuvela kwezifo kuso, ukuthi singazivikela kanjani futhi sizilawule.
Izifo zikherothi, ukuvimbela kanye namakhambi
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo zesanqante ezingathinta isitshalo sonke isikhathi sokukhula kwaso. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wensimu kuzoba ukwenza izindlela zokuvimbela noma uma lesi sifo sisahlasela izitshalo, kufanele sikhonjwe kahle nazo zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ezizothathwa ngokushesha okukhulu ukuvikela isitshalo.
UFomoz
I-Phomoz ibizwa nangokuthi ukubola okomileokudalwa yisikhunta esiyingozi. Lesi sifo sithinta isitshalo ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula. Ezigabeni zokuqala, lesi sifo singabonwa yizindawo ezinsundu ezinsundu ezitholakala emaqabungeni noma kuma-petioles.
Ngaphezu kokuthinta ingxenye yasemoyeni, i-phomoz ithuthuka ngamandla kwizithelo futhi iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho isivuno sisegumbini elinamazinga okushisa omoya angaphezu kwama-degree ayi-10. Ekuqaleni, ukuvela kokumnyama okumnyama okunokuqhakaza okumhlophe kuvela engxenyeni engenhla yesithelo, esikhula kancane kancane sithinte imifino yonke.
Ngeke kwenzeke ukusindisa isitshalo, ngoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukwelapha isifo esivele sivele, zonke izitshalo ezithintekile kumele zisuswe. Njengendlela yokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukufaka umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium ngaphambi kokutshala futhi ususe iziqongo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukubola okumhlophe
Lesi sifo sithinta izithelo zikherothi, eziba zithambile ngesikhathi sokugcinwa bese kancane kancane zimbozwa ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe okuluhlaza. Isigaba sokugcina ekwakhiweni kwalesi sifo kuzoba ukubonakala koqweqwe olunamachashazi amnyama.
Ukubola okumhlophe kusakazeka emhlabathini, ngakho-ke udinga ukususa lonke ukhula ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ulandele yonke imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela izitshalo.
Ukulwa nalesi sifo kwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa okwandisiwe komanyolo we-potash, ukufafaza izitshalo ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi ekwakhiweni kwawo. Futhi kuyadingeka ukubulala amagciwane njalo egumbini lokugcina.
Ukubola okumpunga
Lesi sifo sakha ukubola okumanzi esithelweni ngesikhathi kugcinwa futhi kuholele ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwesivuno. Ekuqaleni, ubuso bekherothi bufakwe emanzini, ngemuva kwalokho kube mnyama futhi kumboze yonke indawo yesithelo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kuqhakaza impunga yamakhowe empunga kubo.
Ukuvikela ekuthuthukiseni ukubola okumhlophe, inhlabathi kufanele ifunzwe ngamanyolo we-nitrogen ngesikhathi, fafaza ngezikhathi ezithile ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-liquid Brodsky... Kunconywa ukugcina isivuno ezingeni lokushisa lama- +2 degrees.
Rhizoctonia
Esikhathini esiningi, lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuzizwa sibolile, kuso kuthinta izithelo zombili ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo okusebenzayo nangemva kokuvuna ngesikhathi sokugcinwaMina. Lesi sifo ungasibona ngamabala amnyama angaphakathi ampunga, lapho kwakheka khona ukuqhakaza okuzwayo kombala onsomi. Isigaba sokugcina sibonakala ngokuvela kwamachashazi amnyama.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kwenziwa ngokufafaza ukutshala ngamakhemikhali aqukethe i-oxetchloride yethusi.
I-Alternaria
Igama lesibili lalesi sifo ukubola okumnyama. Lesi sifo singazibonakalisa kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula kwezitshalo. Kwezinqathe ezincane, uphawu oluyinhloko luzoba mnyama kwesiqu. Ezitshalweni ezindala, ungabona ukugoba kwamaqabunga, okugcina kuphuzi futhi komile. Ama-petioles ayaxhuga futhi acwila phansi. Amafomu abolile amnyama ebusweni besithelo.
Ukubola okumnyama kungasakazeka phakathi kwenhlabathi nangembewu. Lesi sifo siyakwazi ukubhubhisa iningi lokutshala ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ungasusa lesi sifo ngokufutha nge-Rovral drug.
I-bacteriosis
I-bacteriosis ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu, futhi ingabonakala ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- emaphethelweni amaqabunga aphansi avela amabala aphuzi, ezikhula zibe mnyama njengoba zikhula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zigcine izinhlaka eziphuzi ezizungezile;
- ngesisekelo seqabunga lamaqabunga isici amaconsi ampunga-mhlophe noma aphuzi, okuthiwa yi-bacterial exudate;
- ngeziqu ama-streaks ansundu noma amabala;
- ezitshalweni zezimpande kuvela izilonda nezindawo ezinsundu ezicindezelekile.
Uma lesi sifo sisakazeke kakhulu, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukukhipha iphunga elibi nelingemnandi.
Akunakwenzeka ukuqeda lesi sifo, ngakho-ke ukutshala okuthintekayo kuzodingeka kususwe. Ukuvimbela kuzogcina imbewu emanzini ashisayo ngaphambi kokutshala nokufafaza ngesikhathi esifanele noHom.
I-Cercosporosis
Ekuqaleni amabala akhanyayo ansundu anesikhungo esikhanyayo akhiwa epuletini leqabunga, ekhula kancane kancane. Amaphethelo amaqabunga aqala ukugoqana. Uma umswakama uphakeme, khona-ke amabala azombozwa ngokuqhakaza. Ukwakheka kwama-petioles neziqu kungama-oblong. Ngemuva kwalokho, ingxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo iyafa ngokuphelele, futhi izithelo ziba zincane futhi zilahlekelwe ukwakheka kwazo kwasekuqaleni.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwembewu kuzoba izindlela zokuvimbela emanzini ashisayo bese ufafaza amahlumela amancane ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka siketshezi lweBrodsky.
Indawo ensundu
Ibala elinsundu lithinta izaqathe kuzo zonke izigaba zentuthuko ngakho-ke liyingozi kakhulu:
- ezitshalweni ezincane engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu ziyavela iminyango ensundu. Kulokhu, amahlumela esanqante avame ukufa;
- emaqabungeni ezitshalo zabantu abadala kuvela izindawo eziphuzilokho kuguquka kancane kancane kube nsundu noma kube mnyama, kepha umthunzi wokuqala uhlala usesimweni se-halo. Ngomswakama ophezulu, ukuqhakaza okumnyama kuyabonakala ezindaweni;
- iziqu nezisekelo zama-petioles nazo ziyathinteka ngenxa yesifo esinjalo, ziyakha amabala amade ansundu.
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamabala ansundu esimweni sezulu esine imvula, khululeka njalo emigwaqeni... Izitshalo zingaphathwa futhi nge-decoction ye-celandine, i-nettle noma i-horsetail.
Izinambuzane zezinqathe, ukulwa nazo ngezidakamizwa nezindlela zabantu
Izinambuzane ezihlala izaqathe ziyingozi kakhulu ekutshalweni, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lalezi zinambuzane, ukufa okuphelele kwesitshalo kungenzeka noma ukufa kwaso ngokwengxenyeokuholela ekulahlekelweni noma ekwehleni kwesivuno. Ukulwa nezinambuzane kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha, ngemuva kokutholakala, kulokhu kuzoba namathuba amaningi wokuziqeda.
Impukane ikherothi
I-carrot fly yachitha ubuthongo emaphaneni ngaphansi komhlaba, yingakho isivuno sezimpande zesitshalo sivame ukuhlushwa yilesi sinambuzane. Unganquma ukuba khona kwezinambuzane ngombuso weziqongo, uma impukane yesanqante ikhona, khona-ke amaqabunga athola ithinti lethusi, ngemuva kwalokho ayoma futhi afe. Izaqathe ezilinyazwe yisilokazane azikufanele ukusetshenziswa.
Njengesilinganiso sokulawula futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezinambuzane ezinjalo kuyadingeka ukulima, ukukhulula nokuhlanza inhlabathi kukhula ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukwelashwa ngama-ejenti amakhemikhali i-Aklellik, i-Decis Profi, i-Tsiper, i-Sharpey nezindlela zabantu nakho kusiza kahle - uthele nge-ammonia.
Iqabunga lebhungane
Ibhungane yisinambuzane esincane kakhulu, njengamazeze, esinezinyawo ezigxumayo. Abesifazane bezinambuzane ezinjalo babeka amaqanda eziqongweni zezinqathe.... Ngokushesha, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni, nazo ezizoqala ukondla amajusi amaqabunga, ngaleyo ndlela zibangele ukuthi isitshalo some ngokuphelele.
Ungasusa izinambuzane ngokuqoqa amaqanda nokwelapha izitshalo ngothuli lukagwayi noma ngamanzi anensipho.
Ibhu lesambulela
Lesi sinambuzane sibukeka njengovemvane oluncane inundu elibomvu libhekwa njengengozi enkulu, okuthinta amasende nezithelo zikherothi. Isinambuzane ungasiphawula ngemifece ayelukayo. Lesi sitshalo siba mnyama kancane kancane bese siqala ukoma. Imvamisa, inundu lesambulela litholakala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - maphakathi noJulayi, ngemuva kwalokho liphenduka libe yisiphungumangathi futhi aliyona ingozi ekuvuneni okuzayo.
Ukuze ususe izinambuzane, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlanzeke ngokutshalaokungukuthi, unqume ingxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo bese uqoqa amacimbi, okumele abhujiswe kamuva. Ungaphinda ufafaze izaqathe nge-lepidocide, entobacterin, njll. Izindlela zokuvimbela zifaka ukumba okujulile kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ama-slugs enqunu
Ama-slugs anqunu abhekwa njengezilokazane ezivame kakhulu engadini., lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ezibandakanya inhlabathi, isoyi, amaqabunga awile, amatshe noma enye indawo enomswakama ophezulu.
Kokubili abantu abadala kanye nama-slugs amancane angalimaza kakhulu isivuno. Adla amahlamvu futhi adle imigodi emikhulu ezithelweni ngokwazo.
Ungabona i-slug ngomzila omhlophe, ocwebezelayo oshiya ngemuva.
Ngokuvikela nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane imibhede iphathwa nge-superphosphate noma i-10% yesisombululo sikasawoti.
Izikelemu
I-wireworm yisibungu esiphuzi empeleni okuyisibungu sebhungane lokuchofoza. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude besinambuzane esinjalo ngamasentimitha ama-3.... I-wireworm izondla ngezitshalo zezimpande, iyazidla futhi ishiye izindima zezindawo. Kulokhu, imifino izobe ingakulungele ukudliwa ngabantu.
Ungasusa izinambuzane ezinjalo ngokudla, okubandakanya i-ammonia. Izidakamizwa i-Aktara neBazudin nazo zisiza kahle.
I-aphid yesaladi
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokuvela kwama-carrot aphid zibonakala ngokushesha. Amaqoqo ezinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza abonwa ezitshalweni... Amaqabunga aqala ukusonga futhi ome. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zondla ngejusi yesiqu, ngenxa yalokho izaqathe zakhiwe kabi noma ziyeke ukukhula. Lesi sici singathinta kabi isivuno.
Ungasusa izinambuzane ngokufafaza izitshalo ngamanzi anensipho., ukumnika umlotha noma ugwayi. Ngokuvikela ehlobo, ngezinsuku ezishisayo, izaqathe zivame ukufuthwa ngamanzi afudumele kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isibabazi
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu yenzeka ngemuva kokuvela kwamacimbi evemvaneehlobene nale nhlobo. Zondla ingxenye yezimpande zeziqu futhi ngqo ezitshalweni zezimpande ngokwazo, zishiya izimbobo nezindima ngemuva.
Ungabhekana ngempumelelo nesibabazi usebenzisa amakhemikhali akhethekile (I-Decis, i-Politrin ne-Fury) nezindlela zabantu (ukumnika i-chamomile ne-burdock).
Ukwelashwa kokuvikela izaqathe ezifweni nasezinambuzane
Ukuze uvimbele ukuvela kwezifo nezinambuzane, udinga ukunamathela ezilinganisweni eziningi, okubandakanya ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanele komsebenzi wokhula nokuqaqa, ukusetshenziswa njalo kukamanyolo okudingekayo kanye nokubulala amagciwane kokuqala kwezinto zokutshala kanye nenhlabathi. Futhi mayelanakubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza izindlela zokuvikela:
- Ngoba, ukugwema ukubonakala kwesikhunta esimpunga kubalulekile ukuphatha inhlabathi nge-1% Brodsky liquid;
- Vimbela ukuzwa ukubola kungenzeka ngokufafaza ukulungiselela iHom;
- Ngokubola okumnyama umuthi iRovral usiza kahle;
- Gwema isikhutha se-powdery kungenzeka ngokwelapha izitshalo ngeTopazi noma uHorus;
- Yethusa ibhu lesanqante ungasebenzisa i-decoction yeziqongo zetamatisi, ezifakwe emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1 kuye ku-5 imizuzu engama-30. Ngemuva kwalokho, umhluzi ubiliswa kakhulu. Njalo amalitha ama-2 womkhiqizo ahlanjululwa ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi kunezelwa izipuni eziyi-2-3 zensipho engamanzi;
- Kusuka kwezinye izinambuzane eziningi ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ekhethekile kuzosiza.
Isifo noma inkathazo kaningi kungatholwa kherothi, yingakho udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela imibhede nesivuno esivuniwe ngesikhathi sokukhubazeka nokushiyeka... Ukuze ubhekane nenkinga enjalo ngokungajwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulandele imithetho ephathelene nobuchwepheshe bezolimo kanye nokusebenza kwezitshalo.